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Comparative Analysis of Swedish Education and Health Policies in the Context of Social Justice

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 225 - 248, 31.12.2024

Öz

Educational policies aimed at preventing educational inequalities that cause socioeconomic inequalities and ensuring equality of opportunity are within the scope of the idea of social justice. Policies aimed at ensuring equality of opportunity in education aim to minimise the impact of conditions that occur against the will of individuals on the results and achievements obtained in the education process. In addition, health policies to reduce health inequalities that cause socioeconomic inequalities are also considered within the concept of social justice. In this sense, in order to ensure social justice, it is necessary to develop policies to improve socioeconomic conditions and to ensure accessibility, equity and equality in the access and provision of health services. The Swedish education system aims to ensure equality of opportunity for all children regardless of their socio-economic background and to make education services accessible to all, in the same way, the Swedish health system aims to provide high quality health services to the entire population within the framework of the principle of equality in line with welfare policies. In this study, in order to understand whether Swedish social justice practices are effective on socioeconomic inequalities, the historical process and current situation of the problems that cause these inequalities and the education and health policies implemented to address these problems are given extensive information and a comparison is made based on OECD and World Bank data in order to reach concrete results.

Kaynakça

  • Agerholm, J., Bruce, D., Ponce de Leon, A. & Burström, B. (2013). Socioeconomic Differences in Healthcare Utilization, with and without Adjustment for Need: An Example from Stockholm, Sweden. Scandinavian Journal Of Public Health, 41(3), 318-325.
  • Brannlund, A. & Edlund, J. (2020). Educational Achievement and Poor Mental Health in Sweden: The Role of Family Socioeconomic Resources. Education Inquiry, 11(1), 69-87.
  • Burström, B. (2015). Sweden: Recent Changes in Welfare State Arrangements. International Journal of Health Services, 45(1), 87-104.
  • Burström, B., Burström, K., Nilsson, G., Tomson, G., Whitehead, M. & Winblad, U. (2017). Equity Aspects of the Primary Health Care Choice Reform in Sweden: A Scoping Review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 1-10.
  • Daun, H. & Hansson, H. (2006). Towards Comparative Equality but Persisting Inequality in Relation to the Ambitions of Swedish Education. In A. Oduaran & H. S. Bhola (Eds.), Widening Access to Education as Social Justice (pp. 245-261). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Erixon Arreman, I. & Dovemark, M. (2018). Social Justice in Swedish Post-16 Education? New Preparatory Programmes. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(4), 570-585.
  • Glenngard, A. H. (2020). The Swedish Health Care System. In R. Tikkanen, R. Osborn, E. Mossialos, A. Djordjevic & G. Wharton (Eds.), International Profiles of Health Care System (pp. 181-189). London: The Commonwealth Fund.
  • Kılıç, D. & Çalışkan, Z. (2013). Utilization of Health Care Services and the Behavioral Model. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of ISS, 2(2), 192-206.
  • Magnusson, G., Göransson, K. & Lindqvist, G. (2019). Contextualizing Inclusive Education in Educational Policy: The Case of Sweden. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 5(2), 67-77.
  • OECD. (2022a). OECD Data. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/., Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022b). Adult Education Level [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/adult-education-level.htm#indicator-chart., Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022c). Public Spending on Education [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/eduresource/public-spending-on-education.htm., Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022d). Doctors [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healthres/doctors.htm#indicator-chart., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022e). Health Spending [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healthres/health-spending.htm., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022f). Hospital Beds [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healtheqt/hospital-beds.htm., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022g). Infant Mortality Rates [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/infant-mortality-rates.htm., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022h). Life Expectancy at Birth [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022i). Youth Not in Employment, Education or Training [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/youthinac/youth-not-in-employment-education-or-training-neet.htm., Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2022.
  • OECD (2003). Health at a Glance 2003: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2003-en., Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2022.
  • Rolfe, V. (2021). Exploring Socioeconomic Inequality in Educational Opportunity and Outcomes in Sweden and Beyond (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). University of Gothenburg, Department of Education and Special Education, Gothenburg.
  • Sachweh, P. (2016). Social Justice and the Welfare State: Institutions, Outcomes, and Attitudes in Comparative Perspective. In C. Sabbagh & M. Schmitt (Eds.), Handbook of Social Justice Theory and Research (pp. 293-313). New York: Springer.
  • Schraad-Tischler, D. (2011). Social Justice in the OECD–How Do the Member States Compare? Bertelsmann Stiftung Sustainable Governance Indicators 2011. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
  • Sweden, (2002). Erişim adresi: https://sweden.se/life/society/the-swedish-school-system., Erişim tarihi: 25.04.2022.
  • Thakur, M. S. M., Cerra, M. V., Horváth, M. B. & Keen, M. M. (2003). Sweden's Welfare State: Can the Bumblebee Keep Flying?. Washington: International Monetary Fund.
  • Westling Allodi, M. (2007). Equal Opportunities in Educational Systems: The Case of Sweden. European Journal of Education, 42(1), 133-146.
  • World Bank, (2022). World Bank Open Data. Erişim adresi: https://data.worldbank.org/., Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2022.

İsveç Eğitim ve Sağlık Politikalarının Sosyal Adalet Bağlamında Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 225 - 248, 31.12.2024

Öz

Sosyoekonomik eşitsizliklere sebep olan eğitim eşitsizliklerinin önlenmesine ve fırsat eşitliğinin sağlanmasına yönelik eğitim politikaları sosyal adalet düşüncesi kapsamında yer almaktadır. Eğitimde fırsat eşitliğini sağlamaya yönelik politikalar, bireylerin iradesi dışında gerçekleşen şartların eğitim sürecinde elde ettiği sonuçlar ve başarılar üzerindeki etkisini azaltmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte sosyoekonomik eşitsizliklere sebep olan sağlık eşitsizliklerinin azaltılmasına ilişkin sağlık politikaları da sosyal adalet anlayışı içerisinde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu anlamda sosyal adaletin sağlanması için sosyoekonomik koşulların iyileştirilmesine ve sağlık hizmetlerinin erişiminde ve sunulmasında erişilebilirliğin, hakkaniyetin ve eşitliğin sağlanmasına ilişkin politikaların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. İsveç eğitim sistemi, sosyoekonomik geçmişten bağımsız olarak tüm çocuklar için fırsat eşitliğini sağlamayı ve eğitim hizmetlerini erişilebilir olarak herkese sunmayı, aynı şekilde İsveç’e ait sağlık sistemi de, refah politikaları gereği sağlık hizmetlerini tüm nüfusa eşitlik ilkesi çerçevesinde yüksek kaliteli olarak sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, İsveç sosyal adalet uygulamalarının sosyoekonomik eşitsizlikler üzerinde etkili olup olmadığının anlaşılabilmesi için bu eşitsizliklere sebep olan sorunların ve bu sorunlara yönelik uygulanan eğitim ve sağlık politikalarının tarihsel süreci ve güncel durumu hakkında geniş bilgi verilmekte ve somut sonuçlara ulaşabilmek amacıyla OECD ve Dünya Bankası verileri baz alınarak bir karşılaştırma yapılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Agerholm, J., Bruce, D., Ponce de Leon, A. & Burström, B. (2013). Socioeconomic Differences in Healthcare Utilization, with and without Adjustment for Need: An Example from Stockholm, Sweden. Scandinavian Journal Of Public Health, 41(3), 318-325.
  • Brannlund, A. & Edlund, J. (2020). Educational Achievement and Poor Mental Health in Sweden: The Role of Family Socioeconomic Resources. Education Inquiry, 11(1), 69-87.
  • Burström, B. (2015). Sweden: Recent Changes in Welfare State Arrangements. International Journal of Health Services, 45(1), 87-104.
  • Burström, B., Burström, K., Nilsson, G., Tomson, G., Whitehead, M. & Winblad, U. (2017). Equity Aspects of the Primary Health Care Choice Reform in Sweden: A Scoping Review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 1-10.
  • Daun, H. & Hansson, H. (2006). Towards Comparative Equality but Persisting Inequality in Relation to the Ambitions of Swedish Education. In A. Oduaran & H. S. Bhola (Eds.), Widening Access to Education as Social Justice (pp. 245-261). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Erixon Arreman, I. & Dovemark, M. (2018). Social Justice in Swedish Post-16 Education? New Preparatory Programmes. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(4), 570-585.
  • Glenngard, A. H. (2020). The Swedish Health Care System. In R. Tikkanen, R. Osborn, E. Mossialos, A. Djordjevic & G. Wharton (Eds.), International Profiles of Health Care System (pp. 181-189). London: The Commonwealth Fund.
  • Kılıç, D. & Çalışkan, Z. (2013). Utilization of Health Care Services and the Behavioral Model. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of ISS, 2(2), 192-206.
  • Magnusson, G., Göransson, K. & Lindqvist, G. (2019). Contextualizing Inclusive Education in Educational Policy: The Case of Sweden. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 5(2), 67-77.
  • OECD. (2022a). OECD Data. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/., Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022b). Adult Education Level [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/adult-education-level.htm#indicator-chart., Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022c). Public Spending on Education [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/eduresource/public-spending-on-education.htm., Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022d). Doctors [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healthres/doctors.htm#indicator-chart., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022e). Health Spending [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healthres/health-spending.htm., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022f). Hospital Beds [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healtheqt/hospital-beds.htm., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022g). Infant Mortality Rates [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/infant-mortality-rates.htm., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022h). Life Expectancy at Birth [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm., Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2022.
  • OECD. (2022i). Youth Not in Employment, Education or Training [Data Set]. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/youthinac/youth-not-in-employment-education-or-training-neet.htm., Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2022.
  • OECD (2003). Health at a Glance 2003: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2003-en., Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2022.
  • Rolfe, V. (2021). Exploring Socioeconomic Inequality in Educational Opportunity and Outcomes in Sweden and Beyond (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). University of Gothenburg, Department of Education and Special Education, Gothenburg.
  • Sachweh, P. (2016). Social Justice and the Welfare State: Institutions, Outcomes, and Attitudes in Comparative Perspective. In C. Sabbagh & M. Schmitt (Eds.), Handbook of Social Justice Theory and Research (pp. 293-313). New York: Springer.
  • Schraad-Tischler, D. (2011). Social Justice in the OECD–How Do the Member States Compare? Bertelsmann Stiftung Sustainable Governance Indicators 2011. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
  • Sweden, (2002). Erişim adresi: https://sweden.se/life/society/the-swedish-school-system., Erişim tarihi: 25.04.2022.
  • Thakur, M. S. M., Cerra, M. V., Horváth, M. B. & Keen, M. M. (2003). Sweden's Welfare State: Can the Bumblebee Keep Flying?. Washington: International Monetary Fund.
  • Westling Allodi, M. (2007). Equal Opportunities in Educational Systems: The Case of Sweden. European Journal of Education, 42(1), 133-146.
  • World Bank, (2022). World Bank Open Data. Erişim adresi: https://data.worldbank.org/., Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2022.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kamu Yönetimi, Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Sayı
Yazarlar

İlker Manav 0000-0002-9227-2606

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Manav, İ. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Swedish Education and Health Policies in the Context of Social Justice. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(2), 225-248. https://doi.org/10.21180/iibfdkastamonu.1464137