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Mesleki Tükenmişliğin Önlenmesi

Yıl 2019, , 29 - 41, 19.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.467698

Öz

Mesleki
tükenmişliğin önlenmesi hem bireysel hem de örgütsel düzeyde
gerçekleştirilebilir. Bireysel düzeyde alınabilecek önlemleri belirleyebilmek
için tükenmişliğe dayanıklı bireylerin özelliklerine bakmak yararlı olacaktır.
Daha az tükenmişlik yaşayan çalışanların benlik saygısının yüksek olduğu,
kendilerini daha yeterli hissettikleri ve çevreden daha az etkilendikleri
saptamıştır. Bunların yanında tükenmeye karşı dayanıklı bireylerin hobileri olan,
sosyal ilişkileri güçlü, çevrelerindeki insanlardan sosyal destek alabildikleri
ifade edilmektedir. Bu bulguların ışında bireysel düzeyde yapılacak önleme
çalışmaları bireylerin kendilerine güvenmelerini sağlama, diğerleri ile
ilişkileri düzenleme, hobiler edinme, hayır diyebilme, stres yönetimi gibi
becerilerin kazanılmasıyla gerçekleşebilir. Bunun yolu ise farklı ya da aynı
meslek alanının da çalışanların grup olarak psikolojik destek alması ile
gerçekleştirilebilir. Örneğin, gevşeme tekniklerinin kullanılması, stres
yönetimi, psikodrama terapisi, tükenmişlikle baş etmek için kullanılacak
yöntemlerdendir. Mesleki tükenmişlik anlaşılması ve önlenmesi gereken, örgüt
psikolojisi ile klinik psikolojinin iş birliği içinde çalışacağı önemli bir
sorundur.

Kaynakça

  • Ahola, K. (2007) Occupational Burnout and Health. In, Vainio, H., Mertanen, V. (Eds), People and Work Research Reports, No:81, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampereen Yliopistopaino Oy., Finland.
  • Ahola, K. & Hakanen, J. (2017). Job strain, burnout and depressive symptoms: A prospective study among dentists. Journal of Affective Disorders, 104, 103-110.
  • Anderson, V. L., Levinson, E. M. & Kiewra, K. R. (1999). The effects of meditation on teacher perceived occupational stres, state and trait anxiety, and burnout. School Psychology Quarterly, 14(1), 3-25.
  • Arandelović, M., Nikolić, M. & Stamenković, S. (2010). Relationship between burnout, quality of life, and work ability index- directions in prevention. The Scientific World Journal, 10, 766-777.
  • Awa, W. L., Plaumann, M. & Walter, U. (2010). Burnout prevention: A review of intervention programs. Patient Education and Counseling, 78, 184-190.
  • Balcıoğlu, İ., Memetali, S. & Rozant, R. (2008). Tükenmişlik sendromu. Dirim Tıp Gazetesi, 83, 99-104.
  • Barutçu, E. & Serinkan, C. (2008). Burn out Syndrome: An Important Problem Today And A Research Study Conducted İn Denizli. Ege Academic Review, 8(2), 541-561.
  • Blatner, A. (2002). Psikodramanın Temelleri, Tarihçe, Kuram, Uygulama (1. Basım). (G. Şen, Çev). İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Blonk, R. W. B., Brenninkmeijer, V., Lagerveld, S. E., Irene, L. D. & Houtman, I. L. D. (2006). Return to work: A comparison of two cognitive behavioural interventions in cases of work-related psychological complaints among the self-employed. Work & Stress. 20(2), 129-144.
  • Çam, O. (1994). Eğitimci Hemşirelerin Akademik Kariyer Düzeylerine Göre Değişim Gösteren Özellikler. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 10(2), 1-13.
  • Çam, O. (1998). A Revievew On Burnout. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 14(11), 81-93.
  • Çam, O. & Baysal, A. (1997). The Burnout Syndrome Among Psychiatrists and Psychologists. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 13(1-3), 59-74.
  • Çam, O. & Engin, E. (2017). Burnout In Nurses. The Journal of International Social Research. 10(51), 501-507.
  • Çıtak, E. A. & Çam, O. (2011). Examination of education on nurses’ conflict resolution skills, method and burnout level. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 4(4), 165-171.
  • Danna, K. & Grffin, D. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25, 357–384.
  • Deane, P. (2000). The Firs Industrial Revolution. UK: Cambridge Universty Press.
  • Demerouti, E. (2015). Strategies used by individuals to prevent burnout. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 45(10), 1106–1112.
  • De Vente, W., Kamphuis, J. H., Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & Blonk, R. W. B. (2008) Individual and group cognitive-behavioral treatment for work-related stress complaints and sickness absence: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(3), 214-231.
  • DSM-5 (2014). (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı. (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Durlak, J. & Wells, A. M. (1997) Primary prevention mental health programs for children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25(2), 115-152.
  • Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R. & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological stress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Academic Medicine, 81(4), 354-373.
  • EOLD (2018). English Oxford Living Dictionaries. (Internet available from: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com, 22.09.2018).
  • Finney, C., Stergiopoulos, E., Hensel, J., Bonato. S. & Dewa, C. S. (2013). Organizational stressors associated with job stress and burnout in correctional officers: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13(82), 95.
  • Glogow, E. (1986). Burnout and locus of control. Public Personnel Managemet, 15(1), 79–83.
  • Greenberg, J. S. (2011). Comprehensive Stress Management (12nd Edt.). Newyork: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
  • Gökkaya, F. & Özdel, O. (2016). The effectiveness of psychodrama therapy in reducing school counselors’occupational burnout. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(5), 354-361.
  • Gökkaya, F. (2013). Rehber Öğretmenler Tükenirse (Yayınlanmamış psikodrama tezi). Abdül Kadir Özbek Psikodrama Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Hakanen, J. J., Schaufeli, W. B. & Ahola, K. (2008). The Job Demands-Resources Model: A Three-year Cross-Lagged Study of Burnout, Depression, Commitment And Work Engagement. Work & Stress Journal, 22(3), 224-241.
  • Hakanen, J. J. & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Do burnout and work engagement predict depressive symptoms and life satisfaction? A three-wave seven-year prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 141, 415–424.
  • Jones, F. & Fletcher, B. C. (2003). Job control, physical health and psychological well-being. In, Schabracq, M. J., Winnubst, J. A. M. & Cooper, C. L. (Eds.). The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology (pp. 121 – 142). England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Joshi, V. (2005). Stress: From Burnout to Balance (1st Edition), New Delhi: Response Book.
  • Judge, T. A. & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92.
  • Kim, Y. (2012). Music therapists’ job satisfaction, collective self-esteem, and burnout. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 39, 66–71.
  • Kravitz, K., McAllister-Black, R., Grant, M. & Kirk, C. (2010). Self-care strategies for nurses: A psycho-educational intervention for stress reduction and the prevention of burnout. Applied Nursing Research, 23, 130–138.
  • Lee, C., Scheunemann, J., Hall, R. & Payne, L. (2012). Low Staff Morale and Burnout: Causes & Solution. Office of Recreation & Park Resources; University of Illinois At Urbana Champaign.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Reviews Psychology, 52, 97–422.
  • Maslach, J. & Jackson, S. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99-113.
  • Maslach, C. & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organization cause personal stress and what to do about it. USA: San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
  • Maslach, C. & Zımbardo, P. G. (1982). Burnout-The Cost of Caring. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs.
  • Maslach, C. & Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 7, 63–74.
  • McLean, C., Asnaani, A., Litz, B. & Hofmann, S. (2011). Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(8), 1027–1035.
  • McTigue, G. G. (2010). 400 Ways to Stop Stress Now. USA: Fairfield.
  • Özkanan, A. (2009). Örgüt iklimi ve tükenmişlik ilişkisi: büro çalışanları üzerine bir alan araştırması (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Perusini, J. N. & Fanselow, M. S. (2015). Neurobehavioral perspectives on the distinction between fear and anxiety. Learning & Memory, 22(9), 417-425.
  • Pişmişoğlu, E. (2006). Hemşirelik ve Psikodrama (Yayınlanmamış Psikodrama Tezi). Abdülkadir Özbek Psikodrama Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Riggar, T. F. (1985). Stress Burnout: An Annotated Bibliography. USA: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Rosen, J. B. & Schulkin, J. (1998). From normal fear to pathological anxiety. Psychological Review, 105(2), 325-350.
  • Salmela-Aro, K., Naatanen, P. & Nurmi, J. (2004). The role of work-related personal projects during two burnout interventions: A longitudinal study. Work & Stress, 18(3), 208-230.
  • Scarnera, P., Bosco, A., Soleti, E. & Lancioni, G. E. (2009). Preventing burnoutin mental health workers at interpersonal level: An Italian pilot study. Community Ment Health Journal, 45, 222-227.
  • Schaufeli, W. B. & Buunk, B. (2003). Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In, Schabracq MJ, Winnubst, J. A. M. & Cooper, C. L. (Eds.). The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology (pp. 383-428). England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., Hoogduin, K., Shaap, C., & Kladler, A. (2001). On the clinical validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the burnout measure. Psychology and Health, 16, 565-582.
  • Schiffman, S. (2005). Beat Sales Burnout: Maximize Sales, Minimize Stress. USA: Massachusetts.
  • Soysal, A. & Özçalıcı, M. (2014). İş Yaşamında Tükenmişlik, Örgüt Psikolojisi (2. Baskı) Konya: Atlas Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Stenlund, T., Ahlgren, C., Lindahl, B. & Burell, G. (2009). Cognitively oriented behavioral rehabilitation in combination with Qigong for patients on long-term sick leave because of burnout: REST - a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16(3), 294-303.
  • Toker, S., Shirom, A., Shapira, I., Berliner, S. & Melamed, S. (2005). The association between burnout, depression, anxiety, and inflammation biomarkers: C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 344–362.
  • Tunç, A. & Gündüz, B. (2010). Maslach tükenmişlik modeline dayalı müdahale çalışmalarının incelenmesi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 11(1), 84–106.
  • Tümkaya, S. (1996). Öğretmenlerdeki Tükenmişlik, Görülen Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Başa Çıkma Davranışları (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.
  • URSEP - Ulusal Ruh Sağlığı Eylem Planı-2011. (Internet available from: https://www.psikolog.org.tr/doc/ulusal-ruh-sagligi-eylem-plani.pdf. 03.08. 2018).
  • Van der Hek, H. & Plomp, H. N. (1997). Ocuupational stress management programmes: A practical overview of published effect studies. Occupational Medicine, 47(3), 133-141.
  • Van Dierendonck, D., Garssen, B. & Visser, A. (2005). Burnout prevention through personal growth. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 62-77.
  • Van Straten, A., Cuijpers, P. & Smits, N. (2008). Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10(1), e7.
  • WHO-World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders Global Health Estimates. (Internet available from: apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/254610/1/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf. 29.03.2018).
  • Yalom, I. (1995). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (4th Edition) USA: Basic Books Inc. Publishers.
  • Zeybek, K. (2010). Hastane İşletmelerinde Örgüt İklimi ve Tükenmişlik Etkileşimi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı Hastane ve Sağlık Kuruluşları Yönetimi Programı, İzmir.

Prevention of Occupational Burnout

Yıl 2019, , 29 - 41, 19.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.467698

Öz

The prevention of burnout can only be achieved
on both individual and organizational levels. Employees who experience less
burnout were found to have higher self esteem, feel more sufficient, and to be
less affected by their environment. Alongside these, individuals resistant to
burnout were stated to be individuals with hobbies, strong social relations,
and the ability to draw social support from the people in their environment. In
the light of these findings, prevention efforts on an individual level can be
realized through ensuring self-esteem, regulating relations to others,
providing hobbies, teaching to say no, and the provision of skills such as
stress management. This can be achieved through groups working at the same or
different occupational field receiving psychological support (for example,
relaxation techniques, stress management, psychodrama). Occupational burnout is
an important problem that needs to be understood and prevented where the fields
of organizational and clinical psychology need to work in cooperation. 

Kaynakça

  • Ahola, K. (2007) Occupational Burnout and Health. In, Vainio, H., Mertanen, V. (Eds), People and Work Research Reports, No:81, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampereen Yliopistopaino Oy., Finland.
  • Ahola, K. & Hakanen, J. (2017). Job strain, burnout and depressive symptoms: A prospective study among dentists. Journal of Affective Disorders, 104, 103-110.
  • Anderson, V. L., Levinson, E. M. & Kiewra, K. R. (1999). The effects of meditation on teacher perceived occupational stres, state and trait anxiety, and burnout. School Psychology Quarterly, 14(1), 3-25.
  • Arandelović, M., Nikolić, M. & Stamenković, S. (2010). Relationship between burnout, quality of life, and work ability index- directions in prevention. The Scientific World Journal, 10, 766-777.
  • Awa, W. L., Plaumann, M. & Walter, U. (2010). Burnout prevention: A review of intervention programs. Patient Education and Counseling, 78, 184-190.
  • Balcıoğlu, İ., Memetali, S. & Rozant, R. (2008). Tükenmişlik sendromu. Dirim Tıp Gazetesi, 83, 99-104.
  • Barutçu, E. & Serinkan, C. (2008). Burn out Syndrome: An Important Problem Today And A Research Study Conducted İn Denizli. Ege Academic Review, 8(2), 541-561.
  • Blatner, A. (2002). Psikodramanın Temelleri, Tarihçe, Kuram, Uygulama (1. Basım). (G. Şen, Çev). İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Blonk, R. W. B., Brenninkmeijer, V., Lagerveld, S. E., Irene, L. D. & Houtman, I. L. D. (2006). Return to work: A comparison of two cognitive behavioural interventions in cases of work-related psychological complaints among the self-employed. Work & Stress. 20(2), 129-144.
  • Çam, O. (1994). Eğitimci Hemşirelerin Akademik Kariyer Düzeylerine Göre Değişim Gösteren Özellikler. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 10(2), 1-13.
  • Çam, O. (1998). A Revievew On Burnout. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 14(11), 81-93.
  • Çam, O. & Baysal, A. (1997). The Burnout Syndrome Among Psychiatrists and Psychologists. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 13(1-3), 59-74.
  • Çam, O. & Engin, E. (2017). Burnout In Nurses. The Journal of International Social Research. 10(51), 501-507.
  • Çıtak, E. A. & Çam, O. (2011). Examination of education on nurses’ conflict resolution skills, method and burnout level. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 4(4), 165-171.
  • Danna, K. & Grffin, D. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25, 357–384.
  • Deane, P. (2000). The Firs Industrial Revolution. UK: Cambridge Universty Press.
  • Demerouti, E. (2015). Strategies used by individuals to prevent burnout. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 45(10), 1106–1112.
  • De Vente, W., Kamphuis, J. H., Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & Blonk, R. W. B. (2008) Individual and group cognitive-behavioral treatment for work-related stress complaints and sickness absence: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(3), 214-231.
  • DSM-5 (2014). (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı. (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Durlak, J. & Wells, A. M. (1997) Primary prevention mental health programs for children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25(2), 115-152.
  • Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R. & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological stress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Academic Medicine, 81(4), 354-373.
  • EOLD (2018). English Oxford Living Dictionaries. (Internet available from: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com, 22.09.2018).
  • Finney, C., Stergiopoulos, E., Hensel, J., Bonato. S. & Dewa, C. S. (2013). Organizational stressors associated with job stress and burnout in correctional officers: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13(82), 95.
  • Glogow, E. (1986). Burnout and locus of control. Public Personnel Managemet, 15(1), 79–83.
  • Greenberg, J. S. (2011). Comprehensive Stress Management (12nd Edt.). Newyork: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
  • Gökkaya, F. & Özdel, O. (2016). The effectiveness of psychodrama therapy in reducing school counselors’occupational burnout. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(5), 354-361.
  • Gökkaya, F. (2013). Rehber Öğretmenler Tükenirse (Yayınlanmamış psikodrama tezi). Abdül Kadir Özbek Psikodrama Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Hakanen, J. J., Schaufeli, W. B. & Ahola, K. (2008). The Job Demands-Resources Model: A Three-year Cross-Lagged Study of Burnout, Depression, Commitment And Work Engagement. Work & Stress Journal, 22(3), 224-241.
  • Hakanen, J. J. & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Do burnout and work engagement predict depressive symptoms and life satisfaction? A three-wave seven-year prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 141, 415–424.
  • Jones, F. & Fletcher, B. C. (2003). Job control, physical health and psychological well-being. In, Schabracq, M. J., Winnubst, J. A. M. & Cooper, C. L. (Eds.). The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology (pp. 121 – 142). England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Joshi, V. (2005). Stress: From Burnout to Balance (1st Edition), New Delhi: Response Book.
  • Judge, T. A. & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92.
  • Kim, Y. (2012). Music therapists’ job satisfaction, collective self-esteem, and burnout. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 39, 66–71.
  • Kravitz, K., McAllister-Black, R., Grant, M. & Kirk, C. (2010). Self-care strategies for nurses: A psycho-educational intervention for stress reduction and the prevention of burnout. Applied Nursing Research, 23, 130–138.
  • Lee, C., Scheunemann, J., Hall, R. & Payne, L. (2012). Low Staff Morale and Burnout: Causes & Solution. Office of Recreation & Park Resources; University of Illinois At Urbana Champaign.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Reviews Psychology, 52, 97–422.
  • Maslach, J. & Jackson, S. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99-113.
  • Maslach, C. & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organization cause personal stress and what to do about it. USA: San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
  • Maslach, C. & Zımbardo, P. G. (1982). Burnout-The Cost of Caring. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs.
  • Maslach, C. & Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 7, 63–74.
  • McLean, C., Asnaani, A., Litz, B. & Hofmann, S. (2011). Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(8), 1027–1035.
  • McTigue, G. G. (2010). 400 Ways to Stop Stress Now. USA: Fairfield.
  • Özkanan, A. (2009). Örgüt iklimi ve tükenmişlik ilişkisi: büro çalışanları üzerine bir alan araştırması (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Perusini, J. N. & Fanselow, M. S. (2015). Neurobehavioral perspectives on the distinction between fear and anxiety. Learning & Memory, 22(9), 417-425.
  • Pişmişoğlu, E. (2006). Hemşirelik ve Psikodrama (Yayınlanmamış Psikodrama Tezi). Abdülkadir Özbek Psikodrama Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Riggar, T. F. (1985). Stress Burnout: An Annotated Bibliography. USA: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Rosen, J. B. & Schulkin, J. (1998). From normal fear to pathological anxiety. Psychological Review, 105(2), 325-350.
  • Salmela-Aro, K., Naatanen, P. & Nurmi, J. (2004). The role of work-related personal projects during two burnout interventions: A longitudinal study. Work & Stress, 18(3), 208-230.
  • Scarnera, P., Bosco, A., Soleti, E. & Lancioni, G. E. (2009). Preventing burnoutin mental health workers at interpersonal level: An Italian pilot study. Community Ment Health Journal, 45, 222-227.
  • Schaufeli, W. B. & Buunk, B. (2003). Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In, Schabracq MJ, Winnubst, J. A. M. & Cooper, C. L. (Eds.). The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology (pp. 383-428). England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., Hoogduin, K., Shaap, C., & Kladler, A. (2001). On the clinical validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the burnout measure. Psychology and Health, 16, 565-582.
  • Schiffman, S. (2005). Beat Sales Burnout: Maximize Sales, Minimize Stress. USA: Massachusetts.
  • Soysal, A. & Özçalıcı, M. (2014). İş Yaşamında Tükenmişlik, Örgüt Psikolojisi (2. Baskı) Konya: Atlas Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Stenlund, T., Ahlgren, C., Lindahl, B. & Burell, G. (2009). Cognitively oriented behavioral rehabilitation in combination with Qigong for patients on long-term sick leave because of burnout: REST - a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16(3), 294-303.
  • Toker, S., Shirom, A., Shapira, I., Berliner, S. & Melamed, S. (2005). The association between burnout, depression, anxiety, and inflammation biomarkers: C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 344–362.
  • Tunç, A. & Gündüz, B. (2010). Maslach tükenmişlik modeline dayalı müdahale çalışmalarının incelenmesi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 11(1), 84–106.
  • Tümkaya, S. (1996). Öğretmenlerdeki Tükenmişlik, Görülen Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Başa Çıkma Davranışları (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.
  • URSEP - Ulusal Ruh Sağlığı Eylem Planı-2011. (Internet available from: https://www.psikolog.org.tr/doc/ulusal-ruh-sagligi-eylem-plani.pdf. 03.08. 2018).
  • Van der Hek, H. & Plomp, H. N. (1997). Ocuupational stress management programmes: A practical overview of published effect studies. Occupational Medicine, 47(3), 133-141.
  • Van Dierendonck, D., Garssen, B. & Visser, A. (2005). Burnout prevention through personal growth. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 62-77.
  • Van Straten, A., Cuijpers, P. & Smits, N. (2008). Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10(1), e7.
  • WHO-World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders Global Health Estimates. (Internet available from: apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/254610/1/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf. 29.03.2018).
  • Yalom, I. (1995). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (4th Edition) USA: Basic Books Inc. Publishers.
  • Zeybek, K. (2010). Hastane İşletmelerinde Örgüt İklimi ve Tükenmişlik Etkileşimi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı Hastane ve Sağlık Kuruluşları Yönetimi Programı, İzmir.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi, İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Füsun Gökkaya 0000-0002-9392-0724

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Nisan 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ekim 2018
Kabul Tarihi 22 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökkaya, F. (2019). Prevention of Occupational Burnout. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi, 6(1), 29-41. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.467698
AMA Gökkaya F. Prevention of Occupational Burnout. İİD. Nisan 2019;6(1):29-41. doi:10.18394/iid.467698
Chicago Gökkaya, Füsun. “Prevention of Occupational Burnout”. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Nisan 2019): 29-41. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.467698.
EndNote Gökkaya F (01 Nisan 2019) Prevention of Occupational Burnout. İş ve İnsan Dergisi 6 1 29–41.
IEEE F. Gökkaya, “Prevention of Occupational Burnout”, İİD, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 29–41, 2019, doi: 10.18394/iid.467698.
ISNAD Gökkaya, Füsun. “Prevention of Occupational Burnout”. İş ve İnsan Dergisi 6/1 (Nisan 2019), 29-41. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.467698.
JAMA Gökkaya F. Prevention of Occupational Burnout. İİD. 2019;6:29–41.
MLA Gökkaya, Füsun. “Prevention of Occupational Burnout”. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 29-41, doi:10.18394/iid.467698.
Vancouver Gökkaya F. Prevention of Occupational Burnout. İİD. 2019;6(1):29-41.

 

 

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