Girişimci Olma Kararının Arkasındaki Faktörler Arası Etkileşimin DEMATEL Yöntemi ile Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 77 - 91, 27.04.2024

Zuhal Şenyuva

https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1450427

Bu makale için 30 Ekim 2024 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iid/issue/87869/1575564

Öz

Girişimci olmak bireysel bir seçim olduğundan bir karar verme sürecinin çıktısı olarak ele alınabilir. Karar verme sürecinde bireyi etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğu ilgili yazında ‘girişimci olunur mu – girişimci doğulur mu?’ ikilemi içinde dile getirilmektedir. Oysa girişimci olmak sadece biri ya da diğeri değildir; çok boyutlu bir kavramsal açıklama gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada iki ucu da bir araya getirecek biçimde, planlı eylem kuramına dayanan ve kurama duygu bileşenini de katarak genişleten bir model esas alınmıştır. Modelin kapsadığı 12 karar kriterinin birbirinden kopuk olmadığı ve aralarında etkileşim bulunduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bu etkileşimin yapısını ortaya çıkarmak üzere DEMATEL (The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Method) yöntemi kullanılarak halihazırda bir girişim faaliyeti başlatmış olan kişilerden toplanan verilerle analiz yapılmıştır. Analizin bulguları sosyal normların etkileme gücünün yüksek olduğu ve özellikle özgüven ve yenilikçilik kriterlerinin diğer kriterler ile yoğun ilişkide olması nedeniyle ağırlık kazandığı karmaşık bir etkileşim yapısını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Girişimcilik, Karar Verme, Planlı Eylem Kuramı, Çok Kriterli Karar Analizi, DEMATEL

The DEMATEL Analysis of The Interaction Between the Factors Behind the Decision to Become an Entrepreneur

Bu makale için 30 Ekim 2024 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iid/issue/87869/1575564

Öz

Being an entrepreneur can be considered as the outcome of a decision-making process since it is an individual choice. The factors affecting the individual in the decision-making process are discussed in the literature in the dilemma of 'Is entrepreneurship a matter of nature or nurture?’. However, being an entrepreneur is not simply one or the other; it requires a multidimensional conceptual explanation. In this study, a model based on the theory of planned behavior expanded to include the emotional component, is adopted to bring together both ends. It is claimed that the 12 decision criteria included in the model are not disconnected and interact with each other. To reveal the structure of this interaction, analysis is conducted using the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Method (DEMATEL) with data collected from individuals who have already started entrepreneurial activities. The analysis findings demonstrate a complex interaction structure where social norms have a strong influence, especially self-confidence and innovativeness criteria, which are important due to their intense relationships with other criteria.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurship, Decision Making, Theory of Planned Behavior, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, DEMATEL

Kaynakça

• Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40.
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
• Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self‐efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683.
• Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888.
• Aksakal, E., & Dağdeviren, M. (2010). ANP ve DEMATEL yöntemleri ile personel seçimi problemine bütünleşik bir yaklaşım. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(4), 905-913.
• Arıkan, S. (2002). Girişimcilik temel kavramlar ve bazı güncel konular. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
• Bai, C., & Sarkis, J. (2013). A grey-based DEMATEL model for evaluating business process management critical success factors. International Journal of Production Economics, 146(1), 281-292.
• Balaban, Ö., & Özdemir, Y. (2008). Girişimcilik eğitiminin girişimcilik eğilimi üzerindeki etkisi: Sakarya Üniversitesi İİBF örneği. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 3(2), 133-147.
• Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (1998). What makes an entrepreneur? Journal of Labor Economics, 16(1), 26-60.
• Bolton, D. L., & Lane, M. D. (2012). Individual entrepreneurial orientation: Development of a measurement instrument. Education+ Training, 54(2/3), 219-233.
• Boz, M., Buluk, B., Aydınkaya, G., & Arslantaş, Y. (2016). Kişilik özellikleri ile girişimcilik eğilimi arasındaki ilişki: Çanakkale örneği. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(5), 1-10.
• Cardon, M. S., Wincent, J., Singh, J. & Drnovsek, M. (2009). The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 511-532.
• Chang, B., Chang, C. W., & Wu, C. H. (2011). Fuzzy DEMATEL method for developing supplier selection criteria. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 1850-1858.
• Covin, J. G. & Lumpkin, G. T. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation theory and research: Reflections on a needed construct. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 35(5), 855–872.
• Covin, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2019). Crafting high-impact entrepreneurial orientation research: Some suggested guidelines. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(1), 3-18.
• Çelik, A., & Akgemci, T. (1998). Girişimcilik kültürü ve KOBİ’ler. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Çetin, F., & Varoğlu, A. K. (2009). Özellikler bağlamında girişimcinin beş faktör kişilik örüntüsü. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 51-66.
• Djankov, S., Qian, Y., Roland, G., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2008). What makes an entrepreneur? International Differences in Entrepreneurship, January.
• Doğaner, M., & Altunoğlu, A. E. (2010). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Nazilli İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi İşletme bölümü öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimleri. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 103-110.
• Du, Y. W., & Li, X. X. (2021). Hierarchical DEMATEL method for complex systems. Expert Systems with Applications, 167, 113871.
• Envick, B. R., & Langford, M. (2000). The five-factor model of personality: Assessing entrepreneurs and managers. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 6-17.
• Ercan, S. (2022). Girişimci doğulur mu, olunur mu? Girişimcilik eğitimi üzerine bir inceleme. Bilimsel Gelişmeler Işığında Yönetim ve Strateji Araştırmaları, 139-148.
• Ferreira, J. J., Raposo, M. L., Gouveia Rodrigues, R., Dinis, A., & Do Paco, A. (2012). A model of entrepreneurial intention: An application of the psychological and behavioral approaches. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(3), 424-440.
• Foo, M., Uy, M. A. & Baron, R. A. (2009). How do feelings influence effort? An empirical study of entrepreneurs’ affect and venture effort. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 1086-1094.
• Gartner, W.B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation, Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 696-706.
• Gartner, W. B. (1988). Who is an entrepreneur? is the wrong question. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 12(2), 47-68.
• Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative description of personality: The big five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
• Guerrero, M. & Espinoza-Benavides, J. (2021). Does entrepreneurship ecosystem influence business re-entries after failure? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(1), 211-227.
• Gürer, A., Sezen, S. & Solmaztürk, A. B. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerini ölçmeye yönelik bir alan araştırması. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi. 49(2), 1-19.
• Hamidi, D., Wennberg, K. & Berglund, H. (2008). Creativity in entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 304-20.
• Hayton, J. C., George, G., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 33-52.
• Karaoğlan, S. (2016). DEMATEL VE VIKOR Yöntemleriyle Dış Kaynak Seçimi: Otel İşletmesi Örneği. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (55), 9-24.
• Korkusuz Polat, T., & Kara, N. (2021). Personel seçiminde bulanık DEMATEL ve bulanık VIKOR yöntemlerinin uygulanması. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (23), 376-385.
• Lim, S. & Envick, B. R. (2013). Gender and entrepreneurial orientation: a multi-country study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9, 465-482.
• Lumpkin, G. T. & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-72.
• Maine, E., Soh, P. & Dos Santos, N. (2015). The role of entrepreneurial decision-making in opportunity creation and recognition. Technovation, 39, 53-72.
• McMullen, J. S., Brownell, K. M., & Adams, J. (2021). What makes an entrepreneurship study entrepreneurial? Toward a unified theory of entrepreneurial agency.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(5), 1197-1238.
• Minniti, M. & Bygrave, W. (1999). The micro foundations of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 41-52.
• Palich, L. E., & D. R. Bagby. (1995). Using cognitive theory to explain entrepreneurial risk taking: Challenging conventional wisdom. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(6), 425–38.
• Pruett, M., Shinnar, R., Toney, B., Llopis, F., & Fox, J. (2009). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions of university students: A cross‐cultural study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 15(6), 571-594.
• Quaye, D., Acheampong, G., & Asiedu, M. (2015). Gender differences in entrepreneurial orientation: Evidence from Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(12), 128-139.
• Rae, D. (2000). Understanding entrepreneurial learning: A question of how? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 6(3), 145-159.
• Robinson, P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C. & Hunt, H.K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(4), 13-32.
• Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Segal, G., Borgia, D. & Schoenfeld, J. (2005). The motivation to become an entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(1), 42-57.
• Shieh, J., Wu, H.H., & Huang, K.K. (2010). A DEMATEL method in identifying key success factors of hospital service quality. Knowledge-Based Systems, 23(3), 277-282.
• Sitkin, S. B., & Weingart, L. R. (1995). Determinants of risky decision-making behavior: A test of the mediating role of risk perceptions and propensity. Academy of management Journal, 38(6), 1573-1592.
• Smith, N. R., & Miner, J. B. (1983). Type of entrepreneur, type of firm, and managerial motivation: Implications for organizational life cycle theory. Strategic Management Journal, 4(4), 325-340.
• Tortella, G., Quiroga, G., & Moral-Arce, I. (2009). Nature or nurture? Factors of entrepreneurship: A comparative approach. Institute of Latin American Studies Working Papers, Columbia University Academic Commons http://dx. doi. org/10, 7916, D8DJ5SVW.
• Uy, M. A., M. Foo, & Z. Song. (2013). Joint effects of prior start-up experience and coping strategies on entrepreneurs’ psychological well-being. Journal of Business Venturing 28(5), 583–97.
• Wales, W. J. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation: A review and synthesis of promising research directions. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 3-15.
• Wales, W. J., Gupta, V. K., & Mousa, F. (2011). Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation: An assessment and suggestions for future research. International Small Business Journal, 31(4), 357-383.
• White, R. E., Thornhill, S., & Hampson, E. (2007). A biosocial model of entrepreneurship: The combined effects of nurture and nature. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 28(4), 451-466.
• Wu, W.W. (2012). Segmenting critical factors for successful knowledge management implementation using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Applied Soft Computing, 12(1), 527-535.
• Wu, W.W., & Lee Y.T., (2007). Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Expert Systems with Applications, 32, 499–507.
• Zhang, Z., & Chun, D. (2018). Becoming entrepreneurs: How immigrants developed entrepreneurial identities. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(5), 947-970.
• Zhang, P., Wang, D. D., & Owen, C. L. (2015). A study of entrepreneurial intention of university students. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 5(1), 61-82.
• Zhao, H. & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 91(2), 259.