The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: A Meta-Analysis

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 115 - 124, 30.10.2024

Aslı Ersoy

https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1464432

Öz

This paper aims to determine the effect size and direction of the association between hospitality employees' job satisfaction and turnover intention through a meta-analysis. Relevant studies were systematically searched in the Web of Science (WoS), EBSCOhost Hospitality & Tourism Complete, and Google Scholar databases. Ultimately, 32 studies examining the connection between job satisfaction and turnover intention, with reported correlation coefficients and sample sizes, were included in the research. The analyses were conducted using the CMA 3.0 program. To assess publication bias, a funnel plot, Begg & Mazumdar rank correlations, and Classic Fail-safe N tests were applied. Utilizing a random effects model, the study identified a moderate and negative association between job satisfaction and turnover intention (r =-0.434, p < 0.005). Additionally, the moderating role of the sampling region in the relationship between these variables was confirmed. Based on the findings, practical recommendations are provided for hospitality managers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intention, Hospitality Industry, Meta-Analysis, Hospitality Employees

Proje Numarası

-

İş Tatmini ile İşten Ayrılma Niyeti arasındaki İlişki: Meta-Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışma, konaklama çalışanlarının iş tatmini ile işten ayrılma niyetleri arasındaki ilişkinin etki büyüklüğünü ve yönünü meta-analiz yöntemiyle belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. İlgili çalışmalar Web of Science (WoS), EBSCOhost Hospitality & Tourism Complete ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında sistematik olarak taranmıştır. Sonuç olarak, iş tatmini ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi korelasyon katsayıları ve örneklem sayılarıyla inceleyen 32 çalışma araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Analizler CMA 3.0 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yayın yanlılığını incelemek için Huni Grafiği, Begg & Mazumdar sıralama korelasyonları ve Classic Fail-safe N testleri uygulanmıştır. Rastgele etkiler modelinin benimsendiği bu çalışmada, iş tatmini ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasında orta düzeyde, negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r=-0,434, p<0,005). Ayrıca örneklem bölgesinin ilgili değişkenler arasındaki ilişki üzerinde düzenleyici rolü doğrulanmıştır. Bulgulara dayanarak, konaklama yöneticilerine yönelik pratik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İş Tatmini, İşten Ayrılma Niyeti, Konaklama Endüstrisi, Meta-Analiz, Konaklama Çalışanları

Etik Beyan

-

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

Kaynakça

• Abdou, A. H., Khalil, A. A. F. & Elsaied, M. A. (2022). The impact of hospitality work environment on employees’ turnover intentions during COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of work-family conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 890418.
• Ahmad, M. R. & Raja, R. (2021). Employee job satisfaction and business performance: the mediating role of organizational commitment. Vision, 25(2), 168-179.
• Alananzeh, O. A., Almuhaisen, F., Jawabreh, O., Fahmawee, E. A. D. A., Ali, B. J. & Ali, A. (2023). The impact of job stability, work environment, administration, salary and incentives, functional justice, and employee expectation on the security staff’s desire to continue working at the hotel. Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability, 12(2), 425-439.
• Balwa, M. S. (2021). Effect of job benefits, employee turnover, working environment on employee satisfaction: evidence from hospitality industry of Malaysia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(11), 6076-6083.
• Bashir, B. & Gani, A. (2020). Testing the effects of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. Journal of Management Development, 39(4), 525-542.
• Begg, C.B. & Mazumdar, M. (1994). Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics, 50, 1088–1101.
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T. & Rothstein, H. R. (2011). Introduction to meta-analysis. UK: John Wiley & Sons.
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. & Rothstein, H. (2007). Meta-analysis fixed effect vs. random effects. 10.04.2024, Retrieved from www.meta-analysis.com
• Bufquin, D., DiPietro, R., Orlowski, M. & Partlow, C. (2018). Social evaluations of restaurant managers: The effects on frontline employees’ job attitudes and turnover intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1827-1844.
• Chen, H. T. & Wang, C. H. (2019). Incivility, satisfaction and turnover intention of tourist hotel chefs: moderating effects of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(5), 2034-2053.
• Chi, H., Vu, T. V., Nguyen, H. V., & Truong, T. H. (2023). How financial and non–financial rewards moderate the relationships between transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and job performance. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2173850.
• Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.
• Cotton, J.L. & Tuttle, J.M. (1986). Employee turnover: a meta-analysis and review with implications for research. Academy of Management Review, 11(1), 55-70.
• Deri, M. N., Ragavan, N. A., Chireh, T. D., Zaazie, P. & Niber, A. (2022). Relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention of hotel employees. Research Journal in Advanced Social Sciences, 3(2), 32-49.
• Díaz-Carrión, R., Navajas-Romero, V. & Casas-Rosal, J. C. (2020). Comparing working conditions and job satisfaction in hospitality workers across Europe. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102631.
• Duarte, A. P. & Silva, V. H. (2023). Satisfaction with internal communication and hospitality employees’ turnover intention: exploring the mediating role of organizational support and job satisfaction. Administrative Sciences, 13(10), 216.
• Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M. & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal, 315, 629–634.
• Erkasap, A. & Özkan, A. H. (2022). A meta-analytic review in the tourism and hospitality literature: antecedents of intention to quit. Journal of Tourismology, 8(1), 89-114.
• Evans, L. (1998). Teacher morale, job satisfaction and motivation. London: Paul Chapman.
• Ferreira, A. I., Martinez, L. F., Lamelas, J. P. & Rodrigues, R. I. (2017). Mediation of job embeddedness and satisfaction in the relationship between task characteristics and turnover: a multilevel study in Portuguese hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 248-267.
• Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5(10), 3-8.
• Gom, D., Lew, T. Y., Jiony, M. M., Tanakinjal, G. H. & Sondoh Jr, S. (2021). The role of transformational leadership and psychological capital in the hotel industry: a sustainable approach to reducing turnover intention. Sustainability, 13(19), 10799.
• Grobelna, A., Sidorkiewicz, M. & Tokarz-Kocik, A. (2016). Job satisfaction among hotel employees: analyzing selected antecedents and job outcomes. a case study from Poland. Argumenta Oeconomica, 2(37), 281-310.
• Han, T. Y. & Bi, J. W. (2024). Exploring the asymmetric relationships between satisfaction factors and overall employee satisfaction in the airline industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 27(14), 2325-2344.
• Heimerl, P., Haid, M., Benedikt, L. & Scholl-Grissemann, U. (2020). Factors influencing job satisfaction in hospitality industry. SAGE Open, 10(4), 2158244020982998.
• Higgins, J. P. T. & Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21, 1539-1558.
• Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D. & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: a meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332-1356.
• Hunter, J.E. & Schmidt, F.L. (2004). Methods of meta-analysis: correcting error and bias in research findings. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Hur, H. & Abner, G. (2024). What makes public employees want to leave their job? A meta‐analysis of turnover intention predictors among public sector employees. Public Administration Review, 84(1), 115-142.
• Jones, R. J. & Sloane, P. J. (2009). Regional differences in job satisfaction. Applied Economics, 41(8), 1019–1041.
• Jung, H. S. & Yoon, H. H. (2017). Error management culture and turnover intent among food and beverage employees in deluxe hotels: the mediating effect of job satisfaction. Service Business, 11, 785-802.
• Karatepe, O. M., Arasli, H. & Khan, A. (2007). The impact of self-efficacy on job outcomes of hotel employees: evidence from Northern Cyprus. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 8(4), 23-46.
• Kim, N. (2014). Employee turnover intention among newcomers in travel industry. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(1), 56-64.
• Kim, W. G., Leong, J. K. & Lee, Y. K. (2005). Effect of service orientation on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention of leaving in a casual dining chain restaurant. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(2), 171-193.
• Kong, H., Jiang, X., Chan, W. & Zhou, X. (2018). Job satisfaction research in the field of hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(5), 2178-2194.
• Koo, B., Yu, J., Chua, B. L., Lee, S. & Han, H. (2020). Relationships among emotional and material rewards, job satisfaction, burnout, affective commitment, job performance, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 21(4), 371-401.
• Lu, L., Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D. & Neale, N. R. (2016). Work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions: a comparison between supervisors and line-level employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 737-761.
• Madigan, D. J. & Kim, L. E. (2021). Towards an understanding of teacher attrition: a meta-analysis of burnout, job satisfaction, and teachers’ intentions to quit. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103425.
• Nadiri, H. & Tanova, C. (2010). An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 33-41.
• Nguyen, L. V., Haar, J. & Smollan, R. (2020). Family supportive supervisor behaviours and turnover intentions: testing a multiple mediation model in the New Zealand hospitality industry. Labour & Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work, 30(2), 156-173.
• Niedhammer, I., Sultan-Taïeb, H., Chastang, J.F., Vermeylen, G. & Parent-Thirion, A. (2012) Exposure to psychosocial work factors in 31 European countries. Occupational Medicine, 62(3), 196–202.
• Ozkan, A., Elci, M., Karabay, M., Kitapci, H. & Garip, C. (2020). Antecedents of turnover intention: a meta-analysis study in the United States. EaM: Ekonomie a Management, 23(1), 93-110.
• Park, J. & Min, H. K. (2020). Turnover intention in the hospitality industry: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102599.
• Park, J. K., Ahn, J., Han, S. L., Back, K. J. & An, M. (2020). Exploring internal benefits of medical tourism facilitators’ satisfaction: customer orientation, job satisfaction, and work performance. Journal of Healthcare Management, 65(2), 90-105.
• Phuong, T. T. K. & Vinh, T. T. (2020). Job satisfaction, employee loyalty and job performance in the hospitality industry: a moderated model. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(6), 698.
• Pinnington, A., Mir, F. A. & Ai, Z. (2023). The significance of general skills training for early career graduates: relationships with perceived organizational support, job satisfaction and turnover intention. European Journal of Training and Development, 48(7/8), 705-729.
• Poulston, J. M. (2009). Working conditions in hospitality: employees' views of the dissatisfactory hygiene factors. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 10(1), 23-43.
• Son, J. H., Kim, J. H. & Kim, G. J. (2021). Does employee satisfaction influence customer satisfaction? Assessing coffee shops through the service profit chain model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102866.
• Song, X. & Vardarlıer, P. (2023). Technology matters: The efficacy of virtual realistic job preview and its effect on job commitment in hybrid staffing context. In Multidimensional and Strategic Outlook in Digital Business Transformation: Human Resource and Management Recommendations for Performance Improvement (pp. 127-140). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
• Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: application, assessment, causes and consequences. London: Sage.
• Taheri, R. H., Miah, M. S. & Kamaruzzaman, M. (2020). Impact of working environment on job satisfaction. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(6), 1-5.
• Tett, R. P. & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293.
• Ulndag, O., Khan, S. & Guden, N. (2011). The effects of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior on turnover intentions. Hospitality Review, 29(2), 1.
• Wang, C., Xu, J., Zhang, T. C. & Li, Q. M. (2020). Effects of professional identity on turnover intention in China's hotel employees: the mediating role of employee engagement and job satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 10-22.
• Wen, B., Zhou, X., Hu, Y. & Zhang, X. (2020). Role stress and turnover intention of front-line hotel employees: the roles of burnout and service climate. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 36.
• Xu, Y., Jie, D., Wu, H., Shi, X., Badulescu, D., Akbar, S. & Badulescu, A. (2022). Reducing employee turnover intentions in tourism and hospitality sector: the mediating effect of quality of work life and intrinsic motivation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11222.
• Yang, J. T. (2008). Effect of newcomer socialisation on organisational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. The Service Industries Journal, 28(4), 429-443.
• Yorgun, S., Yılmaz, G. & Keser, A. (2009). The relationships of job and life satisfaction with intention to leave among unionized hotel employees in Turkey. İşgüç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 11(2), 55-67.
• Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P. & Theocharous, A.L. (2014). Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus. Tourism Management, 41, 129–140.