4D YAZDIRMA ÜZERİNDE BİR KISA İNCELEME

Öz

Katmanlı imalat; üç boyutlu objelerin uygun malzemeler kullanılarak katman-katman inşa edilmesi süreci olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Genellikle kullanılan malzemeler plastik, metal veya seramikler olmakla birlikte son günlerde akıllı malzemelerinde bu teknolojide yer aldığı görülmektedir. Günümüzde yaygınlaşan bu teknolojide “üç boyutlu yazdırma (3D Printing)” kavramı genel terminoloji olan “katmanlı imalat” yerine de kullanılabilmektedir. Nümerik hesaplama yöntemleri, üç boyutlu katı modelleme uygulamaları, katman imalatta kullanılan malzemeler, bu işlemlerde yer alan makine elemanları/sistemleri katmanlı imalat teknolojilerinin başlıca gereklilikleri arasında yer almaktadır ve gün geçtikçe bu alanlarda yeni teknolojik gelişmeler görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda üç boyutlu yazdırma kavramının ötesinde ileri düzey teknoloji eğilimi ile yeni bir kavram olan “dört boyutlu yazdırma (4D Printing)” teknolojileri günümüzde artık uygulamaya konan yeni nesil bir katmanlı imalat yöntemi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. 4D katmanlı imalat; akıllı malzemelere, katmanlı imalat makinelerinin işlevselliğine ve imalat yöntemine özgü tasarım süreçlerine bağımlı olarak ilerlemektedir. Bu konuda başarılı çalışmalar ortaya konsada hali hazırda imalat/ürün işlevselliği ve uygulamaları konularında önemli sınırlamalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 4D katmanlı imalat konusundaki teknolojik gelişmeleri ve uygulamada karşılaşılan sınırlamaları göz önüne alan genel bir bakış ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma sonucunda bu konuda faydalı literatür bilgileri toparlanmış ve 4D katmanlı imalat uygulamalarının ileri düzey imalat teknolojileri içerisinde yer alması için umut verici bir potansiyele sahip olduğu ancak bu konuda daha çok araştırmanın yürütülmesi gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Katmanlı İmalat,3D Yazdır,4D Yazdırma,Akıllı Malzemeler

A SHORT REVIEW ON 4D PRINTING

Öz

Additive Manufacturing can be described as a process to build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, the material traditionally being plastics, metals or ceramics, however ‘smart’ materials are now in use. Nowadays, the term “3D Printing” has become a much-used synonym for additive manufacturing. The use of computing, 3D solid modeling applications, layering materials and machine equipment is common to majority of additive manufacturing technologies. Advancing from this 3D printing technology, is an emerging trend for what is being termed “4D printing”. 4D printing places dependency on smart materials, the functionality of additive manufacturing machines and in ingenious design processes. Although many developments have been made, limitations are still very much in existence, particularly with regards to function and application. The objective of this short review is to discuss the developments, challenges and outlook for 4D printing technology. The review revealed that 4D printing technology has application potential but further research work will be vital for the future success of 4D printing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Additive Manufacturing,3D Printing,4D Printing,Smart Materials

Kaynakça

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