An experimental approach to comparative thermal behavior of rubber and metallic clutch dampers

Öz

Clutch is one of the most important components in automobile powertrain systems. The torque generated in an engine is transmitted by friction faces of a clutch disc between pressure plate and flywheel. In addition to transmitting engine torque, the clutch disc has the task of preventing torsional engine vibrations from reaching the powertrain. To achieve this task, the clutch disc is fitted with torsional dampers which have metallic compression springs. Another solution is to use rubber springs instead of metallic ones. Recently rubber materials are widely demanded particularly in the automotive industry with the advantages of high damping capability, lightweight and low cost. In a traffic jam condition, numerous engagement and disengagement create incremental thermal load and temperature increase due to slippage between friction faces. The temperature level in the clutch house is expected to affect material properties of damping components assembled inside the clutch disc. In this paper, the rubber and metallic damper springs were investigated experimentally at the expected temperatures and dynamic loads during driving conditions. Thus, the thermal behavior of rubber springs in the clutch system was observed with the novel approach. Damper torque characteristics, cooling rates and loss of stiffness change with time and frequency have been revealed comparatively. Safety factor coefficient selection for damper torque has the major importance at the system in which the stiffness varies within time due to dynamic loads. In conclusion, the clutch disc used with rubber springs needs correct analysis in terms of design. Results show that how to safety actor should be chosen more attentively for clutch disc used with rubber spring on automobiles and related calculations have to be done before the design phase.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rubber spring
• metallic spring
• clutch disc
• powertrain system
• Clutch thermal behavior

Kaynakça

1. Adamowicz, A., "Effect of Convective Cooling on Temperature and Thermal Stresses in Disk during Repeated Intermittent Braking", Journal of Friction and Wear, Vol.37, Issue.2, pp.107-112, 2016.
2. Gkinis, T., Rahmani, R., Rahnejat, H., Mahony, M., "Heat generation and transfer in automotive dry clutch engagement", Applied Physics & Engineering, Vol. 19, Issue.3, pp. 175-188, March 2018.
3. Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., "Viscoelastic Parameter Identification based Structure-Thermal Analysis of Rubber Bushing", Global Journals of Research in Engineering, Vol.14, Issue.3 Version 1.0, 2014.
4. Melnik, R.V.N, Strunin, D.V., Roberts, A.J., "Nonlinear Analysis of Rubber-Based Polymeric Materials with Thermal Relaxation Models", Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, 47: 549–569, 2005.
5. Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., "FEA based Dissipation Energy and Temperature Distribution of Rubber Bushing", International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol.6, Issue.1, (Part - 2), pp.48-56, 2016.
6. Bani, M. S. , Stamenkovi, D.S. , Miltenovi, V.D., Milosevic, M.S., Miltenovi, A.V., Djeki, P.S., Rackov, M.J., "Prediction Of Heat Generation In Rubber Or Rubber-Metal Springs", Thermal Science, Vol. 16, Issue. 2, pp. 527-539, 2012.
7. Genc, M. O., Kaya, N., "Design and verification of elastomer spring damping system for automobile powertrain systems", Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University 35:4, 1957-1971, 2020.
8. Monsia, M. D., "A Simplified Nonlinear Generalized Maxwell Model for Predicting the Time-Dependent Behavior of Viscoelastic Materials", World Journal of Mechanics, Vol. 1, Issue.3, pp. 158-167, 2011.

9. Mohammed, M.A., "Visco-Hyperelastic Model for Soft Rubber-like Materials", Sains Malaysiana, Vol: 43(3), pp. 451–457, 2014.
10. Pacheco, J. L., Bavastri, C.A. , Pereira, J.T., "Viscoelastic Relaxation Modulus Characterization Using Prony Series", Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol:12, pp. 420-445, 2015.
11. Wu, Y., Wang, H., Li, A., "Parameter Identification Methods for Hyperelastic and Hyper- Viscoelastic Models", Applied Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.386, 2016.
12. Ali, A., Hosseini, M., Sahari, B., "A Review of Constitutive Models for Rubber-Like Materials", American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3 (1): 232-239, 2010.
13. Abubakar, I. J., Myler, P., Zhou, E., "Constitutive Modelling of Rubber Seal Material under Compressive Loading", Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science, Vol.6, pp. 28-40, 2016.
14. Jadhav, N., Bahulikar, S.R., Sapate, N.H., "Comparative Study of Variation of Mooney-Rivlin Hyperelastic Material Models under Uniaxial Tensile Loading", Vol.2, Issue.4, IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396, 2016.
15. Kaya, N., "Shape Optimization of Rubber Bushing Using Differential Evolution Algorithm", Hindawi Publishing Corporation Scientific World Journal Volume, Article ID 379196, 2014.
16. Marvalova, B., "Viscoelastic Properties of Filled Rubber. Experimental Observation and Material Modelling ", Engineering Mechanics, Vol.14, Issue.1/2, pp.81–89, 2007.
17. Sun, W., Li, Y., Huang, J., "Nonlinear Characteristics Study and Parameter Optimization of DMFRS", SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems, Vol.4, Issue.2, pp.1050-1057, 2011.
18. Genc, M. O., Kaya, N., Konakci, S., "Experimental Verification of Rubber Clutch Spring Damper Torque Behavior in Time-Dependent Manner and System Optimization using Simulated Annealing Algorithm Integrated with 1-D Modeling", https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2019-10965, Proceedings of ASME, Utah, USA, 2019.