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THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991)

Cilt: 10 Sayı: 20 30 Haziran 2025
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THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991)

Öz

From the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 onward, the Soviet Union sought to impose socialist ideology and integrate the Turkistan region into the Soviet system through its education and cultural policies. Education was not merely a tool for increasing literacy rates but a strategic instrument for constructing a Soviet identity. Traditional educational institutions were abolished and replaced with Soviet schools structured around an ideological curriculum. In the cultural sphere, Islamic institutions and traditional arts were banned, giving way to a new cultural framework shaped by socialist realism. During Stalin’s rule, centralist and repressive policies intensified, systematically suppressing local identities. Although some reforms were implemented under Khrushchev and Brezhnev, the fundamental structure of Soviet ideology remained intact. With Gorbachev’s tenure, the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika opened avenues for cultural liberalization, paving the way for the revival of local identities. In this context, the Soviet Union’s education and cultural policies in Turkistan not only transformed the lifestyles of the region’s inhabitants but also had lasting effects on their identity, language, and cultural heritage. This study aims to analyze the long-term impact of Soviet education and cultural policies on the peoples of Turkistan. The article demonstrates that the Soviet Union employed education and culture not solely as instruments of development and modernization but also as mechanisms of ideological control. The transformation of the education system was designed to integrate the local population into the socialist order, with the ultimate goal of assimilating their identities. Cultural policies, in turn, sought to suppress traditional elements and construct a new Soviet cultural identity. By examining the complex relationship between modernization and ideological control, this study sheds light on the enduring consequences of these policies in contemporary times.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Allworth, E. (1994a). “The New Central Asians”, Central Asia: 130 Years of Russian Dominance: A Historical Overview. Ed. Edward Allworth, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, ss. 527-572.
  2. Allworth, E. (1994b). “The Hunger for Modern Leadership”, Central Asia: 130 Years of Russian Dominance: A Historical Overview. Ed. Edward Allworth, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, ss. 573-607.
  3. Aslan, B. (2009). “Sovyet Rusya Hakimiyetinde Yaşayan Türklerin Ortak ‘Birleştirilmiş Türk Alfabesi’nden ‘Rus Kiril’ Alfabesine Geçirilmesi.” Journal of Turkish Research Institute 16(40): 357-374.
  4. Carrère d’Encausse, H. (1963). “Tsarist Educational Policy in Turkestan, 1867-1917.” Central Asian Review 4: 375-387.
  5. Çetin, N., & Topsakal, İ. (2023). “Sovyetler Birliği’nin Kazakistan’da Büyük Tasfiye Dönemi (1937–1938).” Avrasya İncelemeleri Dergisi 12(1): 1–18.
  6. Edgar, A. L. (2007). Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan. Princeton University Press.
  7. Fitzpatrick, S. (2002). Education and social mobility in the Soviet Union, 1921–1934. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  8. Grenoble, L. A. (2003). Language policy in the Soviet Union. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Güngör, E. (2011). Türkistan’da Fikir Akımları. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Asya Toplumu Çalışmaları, Türk Dünyası Çalışmaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

26 Haziran 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

24 Mart 2025

Kabul Tarihi

16 Mayıs 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 20

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çetin, N. (2025). THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991). Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(20), 15-28. https://izlik.org/JA22NX45UE
AMA
1.Çetin N. THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRO-EURASIAN RESEARCH. 2025;10(20):15-28. https://izlik.org/JA22NX45UE
Chicago
Çetin, Nurullah. 2025. “THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991)”. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 (20): 15-28. https://izlik.org/JA22NX45UE.
EndNote
Çetin N (01 Haziran 2025) THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991). Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 20 15–28.
IEEE
[1]N. Çetin, “THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991)”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRO-EURASIAN RESEARCH, c. 10, sy 20, ss. 15–28, Haz. 2025, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA22NX45UE
ISNAD
Çetin, Nurullah. “THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991)”. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi 10/20 (01 Haziran 2025): 15-28. https://izlik.org/JA22NX45UE.
JAMA
1.Çetin N. THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRO-EURASIAN RESEARCH. 2025;10:15–28.
MLA
Çetin, Nurullah. “THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991)”. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 10, sy 20, Haziran 2025, ss. 15-28, https://izlik.org/JA22NX45UE.
Vancouver
1.Nurullah Çetin. THE SOVIET UNION’S EDUCATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKESTAN: SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION (1917-1991). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRO-EURASIAN RESEARCH [Internet]. 01 Haziran 2025;10(20):15-28. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA22NX45UE

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