LA QUESTION DE BOKO HARAM AU NIGERIA : UNE RÉINCARNATION DE MAITATSINE ?

Öz

2002 yılında Muhammed Yusuf tarafından kurulmuş olan Boko Haram, 2009 yılından itibaren Nijerya devleti ile savaşan bir örgüte dönüşmüştür. Bu örgüt, özellikle sivillere karşı gerçekleştirdiği saldırılar nedeniyle, Nijerya’nın ulusal güvenliği için başlıca tehditlerden birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu makalede, Boko Haram sorununun ortaya çıkmasının ardındaki nedenler incelenecektir. Zira söz konusu olgu uluslararası terörizmle bağlantısı çerçevesinde dış kaynaklı bir sorun olarak nitelendirilebilmektedir. Bir diğer açıklamaysa, Boko Haram’ın Nijerya’daki mevcut sorunlardan neşet ettiği, dolayısıyla esas itibariyle iç dinamiklerin bir neticesi olduğudur. Bu perspektiften irdelendiğinde, Boko Haram 1980’li yıllarda Nijerya’da yaşanan ve İslamcı Maitatsine grubunun sebep olduğu krizin bir tekrarı olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu makalede, Boko Haram örgütünün Maitatsine grubu ile ne ölçüde benzerlikler taşıdığı sorusuna cevap aranacaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, iki grubun ideolojileri, bünyelerinde hangi sosyoekonomik grupları barındırdıkları ve amaçlarını gerçekleştirmek için hangi yollara başvurdukları karşılaştırmalı yöntemle analiz edilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Boko Haram
• Nijerya
• Maitatsine
• İslam

LA QUESTION DE BOKO HARAM AU NIGERIA : UNE RÉINCARNATION DE MAITATSINE ?

Öz

En 2009, Boko Haram, qui a été fondé par Mohammed Yusuf en 2002, s’est transformé en une organisation qui mène une guerre contre le gouvernement nigérian. Surtout en raison des attaques qu’elle a perpétrées contre les civils, cette organisation est devenue l’une des principales menaces pour la sécurité nationale du Nigeria. Cet article vise à comprendre les causes qui sont à l’origine de Boko Haram. Car, il est possible de retracer les origines de Boko Haram à l’extérieur du Nigeria, en raison de ses liens avec le terrorisme international. Mais d’autre part, on peut soutenir que Boko Haram est le résultat des problèmes existant au Nigeria, en d’autres termes une question découlant des dynamiques internes du pays. Dans cette perspective, Boko Haram peut être conçu comme une réincarnation de la crise causée par le groupe islamiste Maitatsine au Nigeria dans les années 1980. Dans cet article, on examinera dans quelle mesure Boko Haram et Maitatsine se ressemblent. À cette fin, les idéologies, les compositions socio-économiques et les moyens utilisés par ces deux groupes en vue d’atteindre leurs objectifs seront analysés de manière comparative.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Boko Haram
• Nigeria
• Maitatsine
• Islam

Kaynakça

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