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Öz

It is inevitable to control weeds affecting the economic value of pastures negatively. Use of goats as biological agent gains increasing popularity due to i) higher costs of herbicide usage and mechanical fight, ii) various difficulties encountered in practice and iii) the negative influences of these practices on ecosystem. Goats have been regarded as environmentally friendly animals which can control many weeds, especially herbaceous species belong to Centaurea, Cirsium and Rumex genus and shrub species belong to Rubus, Rosa and Genista genus, in the most economical way and even which can convert this struggle to economic gain. Grazing of goats with other animal species increases the competitiveness of desired plants in the pasture vegetation against the weeds due to their different grazing preferences, and it does not put an additional burden on pasture. Grazing goats with cows and horses can decrease the parasite problems in herd. It is essential to include the goats in pasture management plans due to their positive contributions in changing of pasture composition of damaged pastures and in increasing of pastures’ productivities. In this review, the grazing behaviours and also the efficiencies of goats in pasture management and improvement studies were discussed. 1. GİRİŞ

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Mera Yabancı Otlarının Kontrolünde Keçilerin Kullanımı

Öz

Meraların ekonomik değerlerini azaltan yabancı otlarla mücadele kaçınılmaz bir zorunluluktur. Günümüzde, yabancı ot mücadelesi kapsamında başvurulan herbisit kullanımı ve mekanik mücadele gibi uygulamaların gittikçe artan maliyetleri, uygulamalarında karşılaşılan çeşitli zorluklar ve ekosisteme olan olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle, biyolojik mücadele ajanı olarak keçilerin kullanımı gittikçe daha fazla popülerlik kazanmaktadır. Keçiler, ülkemiz meralarında en fazla problem oluşturan başta Centaurea, Cirsium ve Rumex cinslerine ait otsu türler ile Rubus, Rosa ve Genista cinslerine ait çalılar olmak üzere birçok yabancı ot türleri ile mücadeleyi en ekonomik bir şekilde gerçekleştirebilecek ve hatta bu mücadeleyi ekonomik kazanca dönüştürebilecek çevre dostu canlılardır. Keçiler, otlamadaki farklı bitki tercihleri nedeniyle diğer hayvan türleri ile birlikte aynı merada otlatılmaları durumunda mera vejetasyonlarının yabancı otlara karşı rekabet güçlerini artırmaları yanında meraya da ek bir yük getirmemekte veya çok az yük getirmektedir. Keçilerin, sığırlar ve atlar ile birlikte otlatılmaları sürünün parazit problemlerini azaltıcı etkiye de sahip olabilmektedir. Bozulan meralarımızın bitki kompozisyonlarının istenilen yönde değişmesi ve buna bağlı olarak da meralarımızın üretim güçlerinin artırılmasına olumlu katkılarda bulunabilen keçilerin, bir şekilde mera amenajman planlarında daha fazla yer almaları önemlidir. Bu derlemede, keçilerin otlama davranışları ile mera amenajmanı ve ıslahı çalışmalarındaki etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Keçi, mera, yabancı ot kontrolü

Kaynakça

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