Growth Performance of Sweet Corn (zea mays convar. Saccharata var. Rugose) Plants Under Different Groundwater Depth and Salinity Conditions

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the growth performance of sweet corn plants under three different groundwater depths (30 (D1), 55 (D2), and 80 (D3) cm) and three different groundwater salinities (0.38 (T1), 5 (T2), and 10 (T3) dS m-1). The experiment was conducted in three replicates according to the randomized complete block design in a rain area (120 m2) under drainable lysimeter conditions. As a result of the study, the absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, specific leaf area, and leaf area ratio increased with increasing groundwater depth. However, the growth performance of sweet corn plants decreased significantly with increasing groundwater salinity. In the study, the absolute growth rate, leaf area ratio, and leaf area ratio varied between 1.51 - 2.37 cm d-1, 69.48 - 90.96 cm2 d-1, and 0.12-0.17 mg cm-2 d-1, respectively. The highest value of specific leaf weight was obtained in D3 with 215.69 cm2 g-1, while the lowest value was obtained in D1 with 200.07 cm2 g-1. The lowest values of plant growth parameters were obtained in D1×T3, while the highest values were obtained in the D2×T1 treatment. It was also found that sweet corn plant growth was significantly reduced in regions with groundwater depth less than < 55 cm and groundwater salinity greater than 5 dS m-1. It was concluded that sweet corn plants have a low tolerance to saline and 30 cm deep groundwater. In conclusion, high values for plant growth of sweet corn were observed at 55 cm groundwater depth and groundwater salinity of 0.38 dSm-1.

Keywords

• Groundwater salinity
• crop growth rate
• leaf area ratio
• sweet maize
• growth parameters

Farklı Taban Suyu Derinliği ve Tuzluluğu Koşullarında Şeker Mısırı (Zea mays convar. Saccharata var. Rugose) Bitkisinin Büyüme Performansı

Öz

Bu çalışmada, şeker mısırı bitkilerinin 3 farklı taban suyu derinliği (30 (D1), 55 (D2) ve 80 (D3) cm) ve 3 farklı taban suyu tuzluluğu (0.38 (T1), 5 (T2) ve 10 (T3) dS m-1) koşullarında büyüme performanslarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yağmurdan korunaklı 120 m2’lik alanda drene edilebilir lizimetre koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda, taban suyu derinliği arttıkça mutlak büyüme oranı, nispi büyüme hızı, net asimilasyon oranı, bitki büyüme hızı, özgül yaprak alanı ve oransal yaprak alanı artmıştır. Ancak, taban suyu tuzluluğu arttıkça şeker mısırı bitkilerinin büyüme performansları önemli derecede azalmıştır. Çalışmada, mutlak büyüme oranı 1.51-2.37 cm g-1, oransal yaprak alanı 69.48-90.96 cm2 g-1 ve net asimilasyon oranı 0.12-0.17 mg cm-2 g-1 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek özgül yaprak ağırlığı değeri 215.69 cm2 g-1 ile D3 konusunda elde edilirken en düşük değer ise 200.07 cm2 g-1 ile D1 konusunda elde edilmiştir. En düşük bitki büyüme parametreleri değerleri D1×T3 , en yüksek değerler ise D2×T1 konusunda tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, taban suyu derinliği <55 cm’den daha az ve taban suyu tuzluluğu 5 dS m-1’den daha yüksek olan bölgelerde şeker mısırı bitkilerinin gelişiminin önemli derecede azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, şeker mısırı bitkilerinin taban suyunun tuzlu ve 30 cm derinlikte olduğu koşullara karşı düşük toleransa sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, şeker mısırı için yüksek bitki büyüme performansı değerleri taban suyu derinliğinin 55 cm ve taban suyu tuzluluğunun 0.38 dS m-1 olduğu koşullarda gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• taban suyu tuzluluğu
• bitki büyüme hızı
• oransal yaprak alanı
• şeker mısırı
• büyüme parametreleri

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