Yaşlı Pırasa (Allium porrum L.) Tohumlarının Çıkış ve Fide Gelişimine Hidro ve Osmopriming Uygulamalarının Etkisi

Öz

Tohum kalitesi ve gücü (vigor) sebze üretiminde verim ve kaliteyi etkileyen en önemli faktördür. Çabuk bozulma özelliği gösteren pırasa tohumlarının (Allium porrum L. cv. İnegöl) çıkış ve gücünü iyileştirmek için tohumlar -1.0 MPa osmotik potansiyele sahip PEG6000 and KNO3 çözeltilerinde (osmopriming) ve suda (hidropriming) farklı sürelerde (6, 12 ve 24 saat) tutulmuştur. Daha sonra oda koşulları ve sabit 30°C’de çıkış testleri yürütülmüş ve fideler morfolojik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek çıkış oranı 30°C’de tohumların 12 saat süreyle suda bekletilmesi ile (hidropriming) elde edilmiştir. Ağırlık, boy, çap ve yaprak sayısı gibi fide özelliklerindeki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasada, tüm uygulamalar (hidro- ve osmopriming) fide özelliklerini iyileştirmiş ve en yüksek vigor indeks değerleri (0.731 and 0.637) 12 saat su ile muamele edilmiş tohumlardan elde edilmiştir. Ekimden önce pırasa tohumlarının 12 saat süreyle ıslatılması (hidropriming) tavsiye edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allium porrum L.
• priming
• çıkış
• fide kalitesi

Effect of Hydro-and Osmopriming on The Emergence and Seedling Growth of Naturally Aged Leek (Allium porrum L.) Seeds

Abstract

Seed quality and vigor are the most critical factors affecting yield and quality in vegetable production. In order to improve the emergence and vigor of leek seeds (Allium porrum L. cv. İnegöl), has rapidly deteriorating properties, the seeds were kept in PEG6000 and KNO3 solutions (osmopriming) and water (hydropriming) having an osmotic potential of -1.0 MPa at different times (6, 12 and 24 hours) as pre-sowing treatments. After then, emergence tests were conducted at room conditions and constant 30°C and the seedlings were evaluated morphologically. The highest emergence rate was obtained at 30°C by keeping the seeds in water (hydropriming) for 12 hours. Although the differences in seedling characteristics such as weight, height, diameter and number of leaves were not statistically significant, all treatments (hydro- and osmopriming) improved seedling characteristics, and the highest vigor index values (0.731 and 0.637) were obtained from seeds treated with water for 12 hours. Soaking (hydropriming) leek seeds for 12 hours before sowing could be recommended.

Keywords

• Allium porrum L.
• priming
• emergence
• seedling quality

Kaynakça

1. Alan, A. R., Celebi Toprak, F. & Kaska, A. (2016). Production and evaluation of gynogenic leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) plants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 125, 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-0944-2.
2. Ali, M. M., Javed, T., Mauro, R. P., Shabbir, R., Afzal, I. & Yousef, A.F. (2020). Effect of seed priming with potassium nitrate on the performance of tomato. Agriculture, 10, 4998. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110498.
3. Arın, L. (1995, Ekim 13-16). Kuşkonmaz tohumunda farklı sürelerde osmotik çözeltiyle muamelenin çıkış üzerine etkisi. [Sözlü bildiri]. Türkiye II. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, Adana, Türkiye.
4. Arın, L. & Kıyak, Y. (2003). The effects of pre-sowing treatments on emergence and seedling growth of tomato seed (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under several stress conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(11); 990-994.
5. Arın, L. (2018). Tohum depolama. Türktob, 26, 8-10.
6. Arın, L. & İlbi, H. (2019). Tohumların depolanması. T. Kesici (Ed.), Tohum, tohumculuk ve teknolojileri Cilt 4 içinde (ss. 1729-1761). Bisab-Ankara.
7. Arın, L., Şahin, N., Uludağ, M. & Kırcı, A. K. (2021). Determination of emergence and seedling characteristics in one- and two-year seeds of some long-day onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11 (Special Issue): 3347-3352. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1028421.
8. Batool, A., Ziaf, K., Amjad, M. (2015). Effect of halo-priming on germination and vigor index of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, 2 (7): 1-9.

9. Bray, C. M., Davinson, P. A., Ashraf, M. & Taylor, R. M. (1989). Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds. Annals of Botany, 63, 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087722.
10. Brocklehurst, P. A., Dearman, J. & Drew, R. L. K. (1984). Effects of osmotic priming on seed germination and seedling growth in leek. Scientia Horticulturae, 24(3-4): 201-210. http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(84)90103-1.
11. Corbineau, F., Picard, M. A. & Come, D. (1994). Germinability of leek seeds and its improvement by osmopriming. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 371, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1994.371.4.
12. Dearman, J., Brocklehurst, P. A. & Drew, R. L. K. (1987). Effects of osmotic priming and ageing on the germination and emergence of carot and leek seed. Annals of Applied Biology, 111 (3): 717-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1987.tb02029.x.
13. Elkoca, E., Haliloglu, K., Esitken, A. & Ercisli, S. (2007). Hydro- and osmopriming improve chickpea germination. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B -Soil & Plant Science, 57 (3): 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710600914087.
14. Eshkab, I. A. & Harris, P. J. C. (2020) Seed priming: Factors affecting efficacy. International Review of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(4): 31-52.
15. FAO. (2023). Tarımsal üretim istatistikleri. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL [Erişim tarihi: 22 Şubat 2023].
16. Farooq, M., Usman, M., Nadeem, F., Rehman, H., Wahid, A., Basra, S. M. A. & Siddique, K. H. M. (2019). Seed priming in field crops: Potential benefits, adoption and challenges. Crop Pasture Science, 70, 731–771. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP18604.
17. Garcia-Herrera, P., Morales, P., Fernández-Ruiz, V., Sánchez-Mata, M. C., Cámara, M., Carvalho, A. M., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., Pardo-de-Santayana, M., Molina, M. & Tardio, J. (2014). Nutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in wild populations of Allium ampeloprasum L., a valuable underutilized vegetable. Food Research International, 62, 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.004.
18. Hussain, H. A., Hussain, S., Anjum, S. A. & Hussain, S. (2019). Seed priming toward enhanced chilling tolerance in field crops: An overview. In M. Hasanuzzaman & V. Fotopoulos (Eds)., Priming and pretreatment of seeds and seedlings (pp. 265-286). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
19. Ibrahim, E. A. A. (2019). Fundamental processes involved in seed priming. In M. Hasanuzzaman & V. Fotopoulos (Eds)., Priming and pretreatment of seeds and seedlings (pp. 63-116). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
20. Jeong, Y., Kim, J. C., Lie, J-C., Jeong, Y. O. & Cho, J. L. (2000) Effect of priming duration and temperature on germinability of carrot, lettuce, onion and Welsh onion seeds. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 18(3): 327–333.
21. Jisha, K. C., Vijayakumari, K.& Puthur, J. T. (2013). Seed priming for abiotic stress tolerance: an overview. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 35, 1381–1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1186-5.
22. Kaçar. B., Katkat, V. & Öztürk, Ş. (2002). Bitki fizyolojisi. Vipaş AŞ. Yayın No: 74, Bursa.
23. Krug, H. (1991). Gemüse produktion. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin und Hamburg.
24. Lei, C., Bagavathiannan, M., Wang, H., Sharpe, S. M., Meng, W. & Yu, J. (2021). Osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for abiotic stress tolerance in germinating crop seeds: A Review. Agronomy, 11, 2194. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112194.
25. Lorenz, O. A. & Maynard, D. N. (1988). Knott’s handbook vegetable growers. Third Edition. Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York.
26. McDonald, M. B. (2000). Seed priming. In: M. Black & J.D. Bewley (Eds) Seed technology and its biological basis (pp 287-325). Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield.
27. Mereddy, R., Wu, L., Hallgren, S. W., Wu, Y. & Conway, K. E. (2000). Solid matrix priming improves seedling vigor of okra seeds. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, 80, 33-37.
28. Michel, B. E. & Kaufman, M. R. (1973). The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology, 51, 914-916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.51.5.914.
29. Pagano, A., Macovei, A., Xia, X., Padula, G., Hołubowicz, R. & Balestrazzi, A. (2023). Seed priming applied to onion-like crops: State of the art and open questions. Agronomy, 13, 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy13020288. Parera, C. A. & Cantliffe, D. J. (1992). Priming leek seed for improved germination and emergence at high temperature. HortScience, 27(10): 1077-1079.
30. Romano, A. & Bravi, R. (2021). Hydrotime model to evaluate the effects of a set of priming agents on seed germination of two leek cultivars under water stress. Seed Science and Technology, 49(2): 159-174. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2021.49.2.07.
31. Sher, A., Sarwar, T., Nawaz, A., Ijaz, M., Sattar, A. & Ahmad, S. (2019). Methods of seed priming. In M. Hasanuzzaman & V. Fotopoulos (Eds)., Priming and pretreatment of seeds and seedlings (pp. 1-10). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
32. Singh, P. K., Pandita, V. K., Tomar, B. S. & Seth, R. (2014) Germination and field emergence in osmotic and solid matrix priming in onion (Allium cepa). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84(12): 1561–1564.
33. Şalk, A., Arın, L., Deveci, M., & Polat, S. (2008). Özel Sebzecilik. Onur Grafik Matbaa ve Reklam Hizmetleri, İstanbul, 488 s.
34. TÜİK. (2023). Bitkisel üretim istatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111&dil=1 [Erişim tarihi: 22 Şubat 2023].
35. Ullah, A., Shahzad, B., Tanveer, M., Nadeem, F., Sharma, A. Lee, D. J. & Rehman, A. (2019). Abiotik stress tolerance in plants through pre-sowing seed treatments with mineral elements and growth regulators. In M.
36. Hasanuzzaman & V. Fotopoulos (Eds)., Priming and pretreatment of seeds and seedlings (pp. 427-458). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
37. Waqas, M., Korres, N. E., Khan, M. D., Nizami, A., Deeba, F., Ali, I. & Hussain, H. (2019). Advances in the concept and methods of seed priming. In M. Hasanuzzaman & V. Fotopoulos (Eds)., Priming and pretreatment of seeds and seedlings (pp. 11-43). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
38. Zaitialia, M., Nurul Atilia Shafienaz, H., Amyita Witty, U. & Muhamad Arizal, B. (2021). Effect of seed priming treatments on seed quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Transaction of the Malaysian Society of Plant Physiology, 28, 159-164.