Gelişmiş Güvenlik ve Besin Değeri için Makarnalık Buğday Islahı: Alüminyum Alımıyla Mücadelede Bir GWAS Yaklaşımı

Öz

Güvenli ve kaliteli gıda üretmenin önemi her geçen gün artmakta ve bu talebin karşılanmasında alüminyum içeriği düşük durum buğdayı çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Islahçılar, alüminyum alımına daha dirençli yeni çeşitler geliştirerek bu hedefe ulaşabilmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, Türkiye'de piyasaya sürülen modern çeşitler ve eski yerel çeşitler de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin bulunduğu bir koleksiyonda genotiplerin alüminyum seviyeleri, endüktif olarak eşleştirilmiş plazma kütle spektrometresi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, genotiplerin 0.9 ila 24.6 mg kg-1 arasında değiştiğini, ortalama 3.31 mg kg-1 olduğunu, bunların %93.1'inin ≤ 5 mg kg-1 gibi düşük bir içeriğe sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Genom çapında ilişkilendirme çalışması önemli özelliklerle ilişkili genetik varyasyou açığa çıkarmada çok güçlü bir tekniktir. Bu çalışmada, 2A ve 3A kromozomları üzerinde bulunan ve %14 ve %71'lik bir fenotipik varyasyonu açıklayan iki markör-özellik ilişkisi tanımlamıştır. Bu bulgular, tüketiciler için güvenli ve sağlıklı gıda sağlamak için sürekli takip ihtiyacını vurgulamakta ve genom çapında ilişkilendirme çalışmalarının ve markör destekli seleksiyon yardımıyla, alüminyum seviyeleri azaltılmış yeni durum buğdayı çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesini hızlandırabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Bununla birlikte, çalışmanın metodolojisi sağlam olmasına rağmen, farklı makarnalık buğday genotipleri arasındaki alüminyum içeriği varyasyonuna katkıda bulunan genetik faktörlerin doğrulanması için daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Makarnalık buğday
• Alüminyum
• SSR
• GWAS
• MTA

Durum Wheat Breeding for Enhanced Safety and Nutritional Value: A GWAS Approach to Tackling Aluminum Uptake

Abstract

The importance of producing safe and high-quality food is on the rise, and developing durum wheat varieties with low aluminum content is crucial in meeting this demand. Breeders can achieve this goal by developing new varieties that are more resistant to aluminum uptake. To reach this purpose, aluminum levels in a diverse collection of durum wheat genotypes were evaluated, including Turkish-released cultivars and local landraces, by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used. The results revealed that genotypes ranged from 0.9 to 24.6 mg kg-1, with an average of 3.31 mg kg-1, while 93.1% of them had a low content of ≤ 5 mg kg-1. A genome-wide association study is a robust method for uncovering genetic variations linked to specific traits. In this study, two marker-trait associations were identified on chromosomes 2A and 3A, which explained a phenotypic variation of 14 and 71%. These findings highlight the need for continued monitoring to ensure safe and healthy food for consumers and suggest that collaborative genome-wide association studies and marker-assisted selection can accelerate the development of new durum wheat varieties with reduced aluminum levels. However, further research is necessary to confirm and validate the genetic factors contributing to aluminum content variation among different durum wheat genotypes, although the study's methodology was robust.

Keywords

• Durum wheat
• Aluminum
• SSR
• GWAS
• MTA.

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