Effects of Eggshell Thickness, Egg Weight and Shape Index on Hatch Window and Turkey Poults’ Gender

Abstract

The effects of eggshell thickness (EST), shape index (SI) and egg weight (EW) on the hatch window (HW), hatching time (HT), gender of hatched turkey poults hatched were investigated. Total of 150 commercial Hybrid Converter breed turkey hatching eggs obtained from a turkey meat producing integration were used. The effects of these parameters on HW and HT and gender were analyzed via ANOVA-GLM. The hatching window was 656th – 688th hours, and the procedure concluded during the 688th hour of incubation. The incubation was divided into three partitions as early (656 – 667h), midterm (668 – 676h) and late hatches (677 – 688h), with the final 32 hours of incubation divided into 7 partitions (7P) from 1 to 7 as (656 – 664h, 665 – 668h, 669 – 672h, 673 – 676h, 677 – 680h, 681 – 684h and 685 – 688h). A significant relation between EST and gender was found as eggs with thicker EST female chicks hatched more than males (p˂0.05). There was no correlation between gender and EW and SI (p˃0.05). Meanwhile, the number of hatches for 7P, EST, EW and SI were not found to affect the hatch window of turkey eggs (p˃0.05).

Keywords

• Eggshell thickness
• hatch window
• shape index
• turkey
• gender

Yumurta Kabuğu Kalınlığı, Yumurta Ağırlığı ve Şekil İndeksinin Çıkış Penceresi ve Hindi Civcivlerinin Cinsiyeti Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Yumurta kabuk kalınlığı (EST), şekil indeksi (SI) ve yumurta ağırlığının (EW) kuluçka penceresi (HW), kuluçka süresi (HT), kuluçkadan çıkan hindi civcivlerinin cinsiyeti üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bir hindi eti üretim entegrasyonundan elde edilen toplam 150 ticari Hybrid Converter cinsi hindi kuluçkalık yumurtası kullanıldı. Bu parametrelerin HW ve HT ve cinsiyet üzerindeki etkileri ANOVA-GLM ile analiz edildi. Kuluçka penceresi 656. – 688. saatlerdi ve prosedür, inkübasyonun 688. saatinde tamamlandı. Kuluçka erken (656 – 667 saat), ara dönem (668 – 676 saat) ve geç çıkım (677 – 688 saat) olarak üç bölüme ayrıldı ve son 32 saat kuluçka, 1'den 7'ye kadar 7 bölüme (7P) bölündü ( 656 – 664s, 665 – 668s, 669 – 672s, 673 – 676s, 677 – 680s, 681 – 684s ve 685 – 688s). Dişi civcivlerin erkeklere göre daha fazla yumurtadan çıkması nedeniyle EST ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p˂0.05). Cinsiyet ile EW ve SI arasında korelasyon yoktu (p˃0.05). Bu arada, 7P, EST, EW ve SI için çıkış sayısının hindi yumurtalarının çıkış penceresini etkilemediği bulundu (p˃0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yumurta Kabuk Kalınlığı
• Çıkış Penceresi
• şekil indeksi
• hindi
• cinsiyet

Kaynakça

1. Akinci, Z., Erisir, Z. & Poyraz, O. (1999). The Egg Weight Loss and Some Shell Traits in Relation to the Initial Egg Weight and Embriyonic Developpment. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 39(1), 47-59.
2. Aslam, M. A., Hulst, M., Bolink, R. A. H., Smits, M. A., Vries, B., Weites, I., Groothuis, T. G. G. & Woelders, H. (2013). Yolk Concentrations of Hormones and Glucose and Egg Weight and Egg Dimensions in Unincubated Chicken Eggs in Relation to Egg Sex and Hen Body Weight. General and Comparative Endochronology, 187(2013), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.045.
3. Bergoug, H., Burel, C., Guinebretiere, M., Tong, Q., Roulston, N., Romanini, C. E. B., Exadaktylos, V, McGonnell, I. M., Demmers, T. G. M., Verhelst, R., Bahr, C., Berckmans D. & Eterradossi, N. (2013). Effect of pre-incubation and incubation conditions on hatchability, hatch time and hatch window, and effect of post-hatch handling on chick quality at placement. World's Poultry Science Journal, 69, 313–334. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933913000329.
4. Christensen, V.L. & Nestor, K.E. (1994). Changes in functional qualities of turkey eggshells in strains selected for increased egg production or growth. Poultry Science, 73(9), 1458 – 1464. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731458.
5. Elamin, K. M., Malik, H. E. E., Sakin, A. I. Y., Elagib, H. A. A., Dousa, B. M. (2014). Effect of egg weight and egg shell thickness on hatchability and embryonic mortality of cobb broiler breeder eggs. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 3(2), 186-190.
6. Elibol, O. & Türkoğlu, M. (2014). Embriyo Gelişimi ve Kuluçkacılık. Tavukçuluk Bilimi. Ankara Bey Ofset, pp200-206. Gould, R. W. (1972). Non-destructive egg shell thickness measurements using ultrasonic energy. Poultry Science. 51, 1460-1461. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0511460.
7. Hamilton, R. G. (1982). Methods and factors that effect the measurement of egg shell quality 1, 2. Poultry Science, 61(10), 2022-2039. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0612022.
8. Kocabaş, Z., Özkan, M. & Başpınar, E. (2013). Temel Biyometri. Ankara Üniversitesi Yayın no:1606, 381p.

9. Krautwald-Junghans, M. E., Cramer, K., Fischer, B., Förster, A., Galli, R., Mapesa, E. U., Meissner, S., Preisinger, R., Preusse, G., Schnabel, C., Steiner G. & Bartels, T. (2018). Current approaches to avoid the culling of day-old male chicks in the layer industry, with special reference to spectroscopic methods. Poultry Science, 97(3), 749-757. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex389.
10. Narushin, V. G. & Romanov, M. N. (2002). Egg physical characteristics and hatchability. World’s Poultry Science, 58(3), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS20020023.
11. Narushin, V. G., Van Kempen, T. A, Wineland M. J., & Christensen, V. L. (2004). Comparing Infrared Spectroscopy and Egg Size Measurements for predicting Eggshell Quality. Biosystems Engineering, 87(3), 367-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.12.006.
12. Orlowski, G., Halupka, L., Pokorny, P., Klimczuk, E., Sztwiertnia, H. & Dobicki, W. (2015). The effect of embryonic development on metal and calcium content in eggs and eggshells in a small passerine. Ibis, 158(1), 144-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12327.
13. Saylam, K. & Sarıca, M. (1999). Effects of shell thickness, shell pores and egg weight loss on hatchability on Japanese quail eggs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 23(1), 41-46.
14. Türkoğlu, M. & Sarica, M. (2014). Tavukculuk Bilimi, Ankara: Bey Ofset., 588p.
15. Türkyilmaz, M. K. (2005). Phenotypic Correlations between egg weight loss, porosity, shell thickness, shape index and hatchability in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Avrasya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 25-29.
16. Yamak, U. S., Sarica, M., Boz, M. A. & Önder, H. (2015). The effect of egg shell thickness on some hatching traits of broiler breeders. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3), 421-424. https:doi:10.9775/kvfd.2014.12485.
17. Yamak, U. S., Boz, M. A., Uçar, A., Sarıca, M. & Önder, H. (2016). The effect of eggshell thickness on the hatchability of guinea fowl and phesants. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, Special Issue (2), 053-058.