Kırıkkale İlinde Spermophilus xanthoprymnus ve Meriones tristrami’de Glutatyon S-Transferaz-Alfa ve Glutatyon S-Transferaz-Pi Ekspresyon Düzeylerinin Yaşam Koşulları ve Doğal Habitat Farklılıkları Açısından İncelenmesi

Öz

Glutatyon S-transferaz (GST) çok fonksiyonlu bir enzim olup detoksifikasyon metabolik yolunda son ürün merkaptürik asit oluşumundaki ilk adımı katalize ederek homeostaz sağlar. Memeliler, böcekler, balıklar, kuşlar, annelidler, yumuşakçalar ve birçok mikroorganizmada bulunan GST, besinlerin tüketilmesiyle vücuda alınan toksik maddelerin vücuttan atılmasında ve substrat olmayan ligandlara (örn. heme ve bilirubin) bağlanarak taşınmasında görev alır. GSH. Ayrıca benzer bileşikleri birbirine kovalent yolla bağlayarak reaktif elektrofilik bileşiklerin vücuda zarar vermesini engelleyebilmektedir. GST'den etkilenen bu ksenobiyotik alıcılar, nitrojen halojen bileşikleri, organofosfatlar ve polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonları içerir. Ksenobiyotikler bu enzim sistemi tarafından oksijenlenir, oksijenli ürünlerin bir sonraki mekanizması daha fazla oksijenlenme olur ve bu ürünler suda daha kolay çözünür hale gelir. Bu çalışmada Spermophilus xanthoprymnus ve Meriones tristrami'nin karaciğer dokusunda Glutatyon S-Transferaz saptanmış ve karakteristik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla hayvanlara sodyum pentobarbital ile anestezi uygulandı ve karaciğer dokuları alındı. Gerekli hazırlıklar tamamlandıktan sonra örnekler immunohistokimyasal boyama yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edildi ve GST izozimlerinin ifadeleri belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, Kırıkkale ilinin farklı lokalitelerinden temin edilen Spermophilus xanthoprymnus ve Meriones tristrami örneklerinde glutatyon s-transferaz alfa ve glutatyon s-transferaz-pi ifade düzeylerinin farklı olduğu bulundu. Bu türlerdeki GST enzim ekspresyon farklılıkları her iki türün detoksifikasyon kapasitesinin ve ksenobiyotiklere vereceği cevabın farklı olduğunu gösterir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Glutathione S-transferase
• habitat farklılıkları
• immünohistokimya
• Meriones tristrami
• Spermophilus xanthoprymnus

Investigation of Glutathione S-Transferase-Alpha and Glutathione S-Transferase-Pi Expression Levels in Spermophilus xanthoprymnus and Meriones tristrami in Terms of Living Conditions and Natural Habitat Differences in Kırıkkale Province

Abstract

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a multifunctional enzyme that provides homeostasis by catalyzing the first step in the formation of the end product mercapturic acid in the detoxification metabolic pathway. Being found in mammals, insects, fish, birds, annelids, molluscs, and many microorganisms, GST takes part the elimination of toxic substances taken into body by consuming food, and their transport by binding non-substrate ligands (e.g. heme and bilirubin) with GSH. In addition, it can prevent reactive electrophilic compounds from harming the body by covalent bonding similar compounds to each other. These xenobiotic acceptors affected by GST include nitrogen halogen compounds, organophosphates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Xenobiotics are oxygenated by this enzyme system, the next mechanism of oxygenated products is more oxygenation, and these products become more easily soluble in water. In this study, Glutathione S-Transferase was detected in the liver tissue of Spermophilus xanthoprymnus and Meriones tristrami and its characteristic features were determined. For this purpose, the animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and their liver tissues were harvested. After necessary preparations were completed, the samples were analyzed by using immunohistochemical staining method and the expressions of GST isozymes were determined. As a result, glutathione s-transferase-alpha and glutathione s-transferase-pi expression levels were found to differ in Spermophilus xanthoprymnus and Meriones tristrami samples obtained from different localities of Kırıkkale province. Differences in GST enzyme expression in these species indicate that both species differ in their detoxification capacity and response to xenobiotics.

Keywords

• Glutathione S-transferase
• habitat differences
• immunohistochemistry
• Meriones tristrami
• Spermophilus xanthoprymnus

Kaynakça

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