İkinci Ürün Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) Bitkisinde Yapraktan Potasyum (K) ve Çinko (Zn) Uygulamalarının Bitki Gelişimi ve Toprak Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2024 yılında Şanlıurfa ili ekolojik koşullarında, potasyum (K), çinko (Zn) ve bu iki elementin birlikte uygulanmasının (K+Zn), bitki gelişimi, verim ve toprak enzim aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede Suomi ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) çeşidi kullanılarak, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Yapraktan uygulamalar, bitkinin 6–8 yapraklı döneminde ve çiçeklenme öncesinde olmak üzere iki kez yapılmış; kontrol (%0 yaprağa sadece su püskürtülmüş), K (%0.25 K₂SO₄), Zn (%0.25 ZnSO₄·7H₂O) ve K+Zn (%0.25 K₂SO₄ + %0.25 ZnSO₄·7H₂O) hazırlanarak 20 L da-1 olacak şekilde yapraklara püskürtülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre K, Zn ve K+Zn uygulamalarının; bitki yaş ağırlığı (g), bitki kuru ağırlığı (g), tabla çapı (cm), tabla başına tohum sayısı, tohum verimi (adet), 1000 tane ağırlığı (g), tohum uzunluğu (mm), iç oranı (%) ve dekara tohum verimi (kg da⁻¹) ile birlikte toprak sağlığının temel biyokimyasal göstergelerinden biri olan katalaz (CAT) enzim aktivitesi üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkiler oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. K ve Zn elementlerinin uygulanması hem bitki hem de toprak parametrelerini olumlu yönde etkilerken, birlikte uygulandıklarında (K+Zn) ise en yüksek olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. K, Zn ve K+Zn yapraktan uygulamaları, ayçiçeği bitkisi üzerinde önemli etkiler görülürken toprak enzim aktivitesi ve genel toprak sağlığı açısından da dikkate değer bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ayçiçeği
• K ve Zn
• Bitki besleme
• Toprak enzimleri

The Effects of Foliar Potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) Applications on Plant Growth and Soil Enzyme Activities in Second-crop Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract

This study was conducted in 2024 under the ecological conditions of Şanlıurfa Province to investigate the effects of potassium (K), zinc (Zn), and their combined foliar application (K+Zn) on plant growth, yield, and soil enzyme activities. The experiment was established using the Suomi sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar, following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Foliar treatments were applied twice: at the 6–8 leaf stage and before flowering. The treatments consisted of a control (distilled water only), K (0.25% K₂SO₄), Zn (0.25% ZnSO₄·7H₂O), and K+Zn (0.25% K₂SO₄ + 0.25% ZnSO₄·7H₂O), all sprayed at a rate of 20 L da⁻¹. According to the results, the K, Zn, and K+Zn applications had statistically significant effects on fresh and dry plant weight (g), flower head diameter (cm), number of seeds per head, seed yield (count), 1000-seeds weight (g), seed length (mm), kernel ratio (%), and seed yield per decare (kg da⁻¹), as well as on catalase (CAT) activity, a key biochemical indicator of soil health. The individual application of K and Zn positively affected both plant and soil parameters, while their combined application (K+Zn) yielded the most pronounced positive results. Foliar application of K, Zn, and particularly K+Zn significantly influenced sunflower growth and also had notable effects on soil enzyme activity and overall soil health.

Keywords

• Sunflower
• K and Zn
• Plant nutrition
• Soil enzymes

Kaynakça

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