The Testing of Plant Diversity in the Meadows and Pastures of Samsun Province for Grazing and Erosion Factors according to Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

Abstract

Erosion and grazing are among the most important factors affecting biodiversity in meadows and pastures. However, although the relationship between disturbance and biodiversity is thought to be negative, in some cases, it is known to increase the biodiversity effect. This situation is explained by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, it is argued that biodiversity will be higher when the disturbance is moderate. This study was carried out in meadow and pasture areas in Samsun province, which are similar in terms of soil organic matter content. The biological diversity of the groups formed according to the erosion and grazing level were calculated and compared. According to the results obtained, the effect of these two disturbance factors on species diversity was revealed, and the diversity indexes were found to be high especially in the group where grazing intensity was moderate. For erosion, the most severely group was meadows and pastures, where severe erosion was observed. In addition, spatial distribution maps drawn on all of the lands used as meadows and pastures in Samsun Province have been evaluated.

Keywords

• Disturbance
• plant diversity
• geostatistical

Samsun İli Çayır ve Meralarında Bitki Çeşitliliğinin Orta Dereceli Tahribat Hipotezine Göre Otlatma ve Erozyon Faktörleri ile Test Edilmesi

Öz

Erozyon ve otlatma çayır ve meralarda biyolojik çeşitliliği etkilyen önemli faktörler arasındadır. Tahribat ile biyolojik çeşitlilik arasındaki ilişkinin olumsuz yönde olacağı düşünülse de bazı durumlarda biyoçeşitliliği arttırıcı etkisi bilinmektedir. Bu durum orta dereceli tahribat hipotezi ile açıklanmaktadır. Bu hipoteze göre tahribatın orta şiddette oldduğu durumlarda biyoçeşitliliğin daha yüksek olacağı savunulmuştur. Bu çalışmada toprak organik madde içeriği yönünden birbirine benzer olan Samsun ilinin çayır ve mera alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Erozyon ve otlatma şiddetine göre oluşturulan grupların bitki çeşitliliği hesaplanmış ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bu iki tahribat faktörünün bitki çeşitliliğine etkisi ortaya konmuş ve özellikle otlatma şiddetinin orta dereceli olduğu grupta çeşitlilik indeksleri yüksek bulunmuştur. Erozyon için ise çeşitliliğin en yüksek olduğu grup şiddetli erozyonun gözlemlendiği çayır ve meralar olmuştur. Ayrıca Samsun İli’nde çayır ve mera olarak kullanılan arazilerin tamamını temsil eden alansal dağılım haritaları çizilmiş alanlar hakkında değerlendirmeler ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tahribat
• Jeoistatistik
• Bitki çeşitliliği

Kaynakça

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