Effect of the Rootstock and Cultivar on Graft Success and Sapling Development and Graft Incompatibility in Pear

Yıl 2020, , 371 - 381, 21.12.2020

Nermin Çoban , Ahmet Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.782502

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different rootstocks on graft success, sapling development and graft compatibility/incompatibility of ‘Deveci’ and ‘Williams’ pear cultivars in Samsun ecological conditions between 2014 and 2016 years. Graft incompatibility was attempted to be associated with morphological measurements in the graft union. Rootstock, cultivar and rootstockxcultivar interaction had a significant effect on the all examined parameters. In the study, graft take ratios were between 91.5-100.0%, graft sprout ratios were between 89.2-99.0% and survival ratios were between 83.7-99.0%. The graft sprout ratio was the highest in the OHxF333 and lowest was in the BA29 rootstock. The graft sprout and survival ratios were lower in quince rootstock than in pear rootstocks. Rootstock diameters were higher in the OHxF333 and seedling rootstocks than in the Fox11 and BA29 rootstocks. Graft union diameter and shoot diameter were lower in the Fox11 than the other rootstocks. Shoot length was higher in the OHxF333 than the other rootstocks. Especially considering the graft success and the diameter measurements made in the graft union, it has been found that some scion/stock combinations may show graft incompatibility. The ‘Williams’/BA29 combination may be incompatible due to the lower survival ratio and diameter values in the graft union than other combinations. Although graft success is sufficient, it should be noted that the ‘Williams’/Fox11, whose rootstock diameter and graft union diameter are lower than the others, may show graft incompatibility. ‘Deveci’ cultivar shows good compatibility with all rootstocks due to the higher graft success and sapling performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pear, rootstock, graft success, graft incompatibility, survival ratio

Anaç ve Çeşidin Armutta Aşı Başarısı, Fidan Gelişimi ve Aşı Uyuşmazlığı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma ‘Deveci’ ve ‘Williams’ armut çeşitlerinin aşı başarısı, fidan gelişimi ve aşı uyuşma/uyuşmazlığı üzerine farklı anaçların etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2015-2016 yıllarında Samsun ekolojik koşularında yürütülmüştür. Aşı uyuşmazlığı aşı bölgesinde yapılan morfolojik ölçümlerle ilişkilendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada incelenen tüm özellikler üzerine anaç, çeşit ve anaçxçeşit interaksiyonunun etkisi önemli olmuştur. Aşı tutma oranı %91.5-100.0, aşı sürme oranı %89.2-99.0, fidan yaşama oranı %83.7-99.0 arasında değişmiştir. Aşı tutma oranı en yüksek OHxF333 en düşük ise BA29 anacında olmuştur. Aşı sürme ve fidan yaşama oranı ayva anacında armut anaçlarından daha düşük olmuştur. Anaç çapı OHxF333 ve çöğür anaçlarında Fox11 ve BA29 anaçlarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Aşı yeri çapı ve sürgün çapının Fox11 anacında diğer anaçlardan daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aşı sürgün uzunluğu OHxF333 anacında diğer anaçlardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Özellikle aşı başarısı ve aşı bölgesinde yapılan çap ölçümleri de dikkate alındığında bazı kombinasyonların aşı uyuşmazlığı gösterebileceği tespit edilmiştir. Fidan yaşama oranı ve aşı bölgesindeki çap değerlerinin diğer kombinasyonlardan daha düşük olduğu ‘Williams’/BA29 kombinasyonun uyuşmaz olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Aşı başarısı yeterli olmasına rağmen anaç ve aşı sürgünü çapı diğerlerine göre düşük olan ‘Williams’/Fox11 kombinasyonunun aşı uyuşmazlığı gösterebileceğine dikkat edilmelidir. ‘Deveci’ çeşidinin aşı başarısı ve fidan gelişim performansının daha iyi olması dolayısıyla tüm anaçlarla iyi bir aşı uyuşması gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Armut, anaç, aşı başarısı, aşı uyuşmazlığı, yaşama oranı

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