Bazı Zeytin Çeşitlerinin Solgunluk Hastalığı Etmeni Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Karşı Reaksiyonlarının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Kahramanmaraş ilinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen bazı zeytin çeşitlerinin Verticillium dahliae Kleb.'e tepkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. V. dahliae izolatının farklı sıcaklıklarda optimal gelişimini belirlemek için yapılan ilk çalışmada, V. dahliae izolatı 20°C'de optimal bir büyüme göstermiştir. Dört farklı besi yerlerinde V. dahliae izolatının optimum koloni gelişimi belirlenmiştir. Ortalama koloni gelişiminin, test edilen tüm besi yerlerinde istatistiki olarak önemli olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Farklı zeytin çeşitlerinden elde edilen ve PDA ortamında kenarlara yerleştirilen yaprak kesitlerinden salgılanan bitki özütlerinin V. dahliae gelişimini teşvik edip etmediği araştırılmıştır. Memecik ve Kalamata çeşitlerinin yaprak kesitleri V. dahliae’nın koloni gelişimini 8. Günde Kontrol gruplarına göre etkilememiştir. PDA besiyerinde V. dahliae koloni gelişimi en fazla Domat çeşidi yaprak kesitleri tarafından teşvik edilmiştir. İnokulasyon noktalarının 1, 2, 3 cm yukarısından elde edilen 0,5 cm gövde kesitlerinden alınan parçalar hastalığın şiddetini belirlemek için PDA ortamına yerleştirilmiştir. Memecik çeşidi 0,44 ile en düşük hastalık şiddetini gösterirken, onu 0,66 ile Manzanilla çeşidi izlemiştir (1, 2 ve 3 cm’de). Bu sonuçlar, Memecik çeşidinin hem yaprak kesiti hem de gövde inokulasyon denemelerinde en toleranslı çeşit olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yaprak kesiti ve gövde inokulasyon denemeleri sonucuna göre Domat en duyarlı çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zeytin
• Olea europaea
• V. dahliae
• Hastalık Şiddeti

Response of Some Important Olive Cultivars against Wilt Disease Caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine some olive varieties' response to Verticillium dahliae Kleb. widely grown in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. In an initial study to determine the optimal development of V. dahliae isolate at different temperatures, V. dahliae isolate exhibited an optimal growth at 20°C. The optimum growth of an isolate of V. dahliae was determined on four different growth mediums. The colony growth rate was not significant on all the tested media. The detached leaves of seven different olive varieties were assayed on PDA if V. dahliae isolate was attracted to the leaf exudates leached from leaves in vitro. Detached leaves of Memecik (26.90 mm) and Kalamata (26.83 mm) varieties did not affect colony diameter of V. dahliae compared to Control groups on the 8th day. Detached leaves of Domat variety (31.30 mm) resulted in the most significant colony growth of the V. dahliae isolate on PDA. A cross-section of the stem (0.5 cm) was removed from the upper parts of the inoculation point by measuring 1, 2 and 3cm and were planted on the PDA medium to determine the disease severity. Memecik variety displayed the lowest severity of the disease with a rate of 0.44, followed by the Manzanilla variety with 0.66 compared to the other varieties (1, 2 and 3 cm from inoculation point). These results indicated that Memecik was the most tolerant variety in leaf section experiments and stem inoculation treatments. However, Domat was the most susceptible variety according to leaf section experiments and stem inoculation treatments.

Keywords

• Olive
• Olea europaea
• V. dahliae
• Disease Severity

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