Küresel Isınmanın Çay Tarımına Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 47 - 68, 29.04.2024

Songül Yıldız , Muharrem Özcan

https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.1394524

Öz

Küresel ısınma, tarım alanlarında ve tarımsal üretimde çeşitli sorunlara yol açan önemli bir faktördür. Dünyada önemli çay üreticileri olan Çin, Hindistan, Kenya, Sri Lanka ve Türkiye gibi ülkelerdeki çay tarımında küresel ısınma etkileri son zamanlarda artış göstermiştir. Dünya çay tarım alanlarının etkilenme dereceleri çay veriminde azalma, sel ve su baskını, toprak erozyonu, kuraklık gibi farklı şekillerde meydana gelmektedir. Türkiye çay tarım alanlarında da, değişen sıcaklık ortalamaları, yağış miktarı ve yağış düzensizliği sonucunda çay üretiminde rakımlara bağlı olarak farklı düzeylerde etkilerin oluşmaya başladığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında yapılan anket çalışmasının sonuçlarına göre, kıyı kesimlerde ve özellikle ilk sürgün hasatta verim kayıplarının oluşmasına karşın, yüksek rakımlarda ikinci ve üçüncü hasatta verim artışlarını teşvik ettiği görülmektedir. Küresel ısınmanın ülkemiz çay bahçelerinde su baskını stresi, düz ve düze yakın arazilerde kurumalar, eğimli arazilerde ise toprak kaymaları gibi etkiler yaptığı görülmektedir. Ülkemiz çay alanlarında küresel ısınmanın etkilerinin azaltılmasına yönelik olarak, çay üreticilerinin bilgilendirilmesi, eğimli alanlarda toprak kaymasını önleyici kültürel önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Kalıcı çözümler için, ıslah çalışmalarıyla, su baskını ve sıcaklık stresine yönelik verimli ve dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi ve bunların ülkemiz çay bahçelerinin yenilenmesinde öncelikle kullanılması sağlanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çay, küresel ısınma, verim, kalite, kuraklık

Effects of Global Warming on Tea Agriculture

Öz

Global warming is a major factor that causes various problems in agricultural areas and agricultural production. In recent years, the effects of global warming on tea cultivation in countries such as China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Turkey, which are important tea producers in the world, have increased. The degree of impact on world tea cultivation areas occurs in different ways, such as a decrease in tea yield, flooding, soil erosion, and drought. In Turkish tea cultivation areas, it is seen that different levels of effects have begun to occur in tea production depending on the altitudes as a result of changing temperature averages, rainfall amounts, and rainfall irregularity. According to the results of the survey conducted within the scope of this study, it is seen that while yield losses occur in coastal areas and especially in the first flush harvest, it encourages yield increases in the second and third harvests at high altitudes. It is seen that global warming has effects such as flooding stress, drying in flat and close to flat areas, and landslides in sloping areas in our country's tea gardens. In order to reduce the effects of global warming in our country's tea areas, it is necessary to inform tea producers and to take cultural measures to prevent landslides in sloping areas. For permanent solutions, breeding studies should be carried out to develop efficient and resistant varieties for flooding and heat stress, and these should be prioritized in the renewal of our country's tea gardens.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tea, global warming, yield, quality, drought

Kaynakça

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