Paylaşım Ekonomisinin Kırsalda Yükselişi: Kırsal Turizm İçin Fırsatlar ve Riskler

Öz

Günümüz dünyasında bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin turizmle ilişkisi, seyahat öncesinden başlayarak seyahat sonrasına kadar uzanan tüm süreçte giderek yoğunlaşmakta, kullanım pratikleri çeşitlenmekte ve artmaktadır. Önceleri etkisini daha çok kentsel destinasyonlarda gösteren bu olgu, bir taraftan paylaşım ekonomisi platformlarının başarılı uygulamaları, diğer taraftan ise yerel ekonominin çıkmazlarına reçete arayışlarında ve değişen turist profili sonucunda kırsal alanlarda da kendine yer edinmeye başlamıştır. Kırlara giren her yenilik gibi paylaşım ekonomisinin de beraberinde fırsatlar ve riskler getirme olasılığı, bu çalışmanın konu ve amacını; paylaşım ekonomisinin turizmle simbiyotik ilişkisine ve kırsal alanlar-kırsal turizm özelinde kuramsal değerlendirmelere dayandırmıştır. Nitel içerikli bu makale, bir tematik derleme ve ilişkisel analiz üzerine tasarlanmış bir eylem araştırmasıdır. Alanyazından elde edilen veriler, genelden özele ve kuramdan örneklere doğru bir akış içinde bütünleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre; paylaşım ekonomisinin kırsalda büyümesi çeşitli boyutlarıyla katlanarak devam edecektir. Bu durum kırsal turizm için çok sayıda sosyal ve ekonomik fırsat (atıl durumdaki yapıların yeni işlevlere kavuşması, iş ve gelir sağlaması, yerel mirasın sahiplenilmesi, dezavantajlı bölgelerde yaşayanların sosyalleşmesi vb.) yaratabileceği gibi birtakım riskleri de (yasal sorunlar, haksız rekabet, ayrımcılık vb.) getirebilecektir. Kırsal turizm, paylaşım ekonomisiyle barışık ve holistik yapıda, hizmet ve aktiviteler, örgütlenme, tanıtım ve pazarlama konularında gelenekselin dışına çıkarak yeni bir yapılanma sürecini yaşamak zorunda kalacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Paylaşım Ekonomisi
• Kırsal Turizm
• Riskler
• Fırsatlar

The Rise of Sharing Economy in the Rural Areas: Opportunities and Risks for Rural Tourism

Abstract

The relationship of information and communication technologies with tourism has been become intense in the entire process from pre-travel to post-travel. This phenomenon, which previously showed its effect mostly in urban destinations, has begun to gain a place in rural areas as a result of the successful applications of sharing economy platforms, the search for solutions for the stalemates of the local economy and the changing tourist profile. The subject and purpose of this study is based on the symbiotic relationship of the sharing economy with tourism and on theoretical evaluations in rural areas-rural tourism. In this context, the opportunities and risks that the sharing economy may bring in the countryside are emphasized. This qualitative article is an action research designed on a thematic review and relational analysis. The data obtained from the literature are integrated in a flow from general to specific and from theory to examples. According to the findings, the growth of the sharing economy in rural areas will continue with its various dimensions. This situation may create numerous social and economic opportunities for rural tourism (bringing new functions to idle structures, providing jobs, income and awareness of local heritage conservation, socializing those living in disadvantaged areas, etc.) as well as some risks (legal problems, unfair competition, discrimination, etc.). Rural tourism, together with the sharing economy in a holistic structure, will have to go beyond traditional in terms of services and activities, organization, promotion and marketing and go through a new structuring process.

Keywords

• Sharing Economy
• Rural Tourism
• Risks
• Opportunities

Kaynakça

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