Türkiye’de Güneş Enerjisinden Elektrik Üretiminde Piyasa Oluşumu: Teknoloji Yenilik Sistemi Yaklaşımı

Öz

Teknolojik Yenilik Sistemi (TYS), yeni bir teknolojinin yayılma dinamiklerinin analizi için geliştirilmiş teorik bir yaklaşımdır. Bir TYS’nin gelişimi ve onun uzun vadeli başarısı için, özellikle sektörel gelişimin başlangıcında, pazarla ilgili yapıların gelişmesi ve yerleşmesi esastır. Bu çalışmada, piyasanın nasıl oluştuğunu anlamak için Türkiye'de güneşten elektrik üretimi teknoloji yenilik sisteminde piyasa oluşumuna odaklanılmıştır. Türkiye güneş enerjisi sektöründe yeşil geçiş çalışmalarının, piyasa oluşum süreciyle birlikte başladığını vurgulamak için tam da sektör henüz gelişmeye ve piyasa oluşmaya başladığı dönemde ampirik bir çalışma yapılmıştır ve yapısal analiz, fonksiyonel analiz ve süreç analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda alan araştırmasında enerji sektöründeki kilit uzmanlarla 2013-2015 döneminde elli yedi adet görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapısal analiz sonuçları, en aktif aktörlerin şirketler, danışmanlık kuruluşları, kamu kuruluşları ve gerçek kişiler olduğunu; ağların dernekler ve kooperatif kuruluşları, kurumların ise genel mevzuat ve siyasi gelişmeler olduğunu işaret etmiştir. Süreç analizi kurucu süreçlerin, her bir pazar segmenti için ‘kurumsallaşma’ ve ‘ilişki kurma’ olduğunu; piyasa işlemlerinin oluşumu için ise ‘rekabet etme’ ve ‘iletişim kurma’ olduğunu göstermiştir. İşlevsel analiz, TYS gelişiminin başlangıç fazında, pazar oluşumunun ilk aşamalarda olduğunu ancak çok hızlı geliştiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Piyasa Oluşumu
• Güneş Enerjisi
• Türkiye
• Teknoloji Yayılımı
• Sürdürülebilir Geçiş
• Teknoloji Yenilik Sistemi

Market Formation in Turkish Solar Electricity Generation: Technology Innovation System Approach

Öz

The Technological Innovation System (TIS) is a theoretical approach to the analysis of a new technology's diffusion dynamics. The development and establishment of market-related structures are essential for maturing a TIS and its long-term success, especially at the beginning of sectoral development. In this paper, we focus on market formation in the Turkish solar electricity generation TIS to understand how the market forms. We made an empirical study and benefitted from structural analysis, functional analysis, and process analysis to point out how green transition efforts have started with the market formation process in the Turkish solar energy sector during the first phase of sectoral development. We conducted fifty-seven interviews with key experts in the energy sector in the 2013-2015 period when the sector just started to develop. The structural analysis showed that the most active actors are companies, consultancy organizations, public organizations, and real persons; networks are associations and cooperative organizations, and institutions are general legislation and political developments. The process analysis showed that the constitutive processes are institutionalizing and associating for the formation of market segments, and competing and communicating for the formation of market transactions. The functional analysis pointed out that at the beginning of the TIS development, the market formation was in the nursing phase, but developing very fast.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Market Formation
• Solar Energy
• Turkey
• Technology Diffusion
• Sustainable Transition
• Technological Innovation System

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