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Raw Material Dependency in the Iron and Steel Industry According to Production Methods: A Research on Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 2, 434 - 473, 04.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1520060

Öz

Globalization, coupled with advancements in steel production technologies and increased demand, has intensified the focus on external trade, production, and cost criteria in raw material procurement due to dwindling iron ore resources and limited availability of scrap materials. This study aims to reveal Türkiye's raw material dependency and foreign trade efficiency in the iron and steel industry. Specifically, it seeks to identify both the best-performing countries and years for Türkiye. To evaluate the impact of the 2008 financial crisis, the study examines the period from 2008 to 2022. The research employs multi-criteria decision-making methods, utilizing the CRITIC method for determining criterion weights and the COBRA method for alternative ranking. Results indicate that Türkiye performed best in years 2021, 2008, and 2022 using iron ore-based production methods, and in years 2021, 2019, and 2008 using scrap material-based methods. Conversely, 2009 and 2015 were the years with the lowest performance across both production methods. Country-specific analysis reveals Italy with the highest performance and Russia with the lowest. This study contributes uniquely to the literature by categorizing raw material dependency in the iron and steel industry by production methods, considering trade efficiency through exports, and examining specific years and countries pertinent to Türkiye.

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Üretim Yöntemlerine Göre Demir Çelik Endüstrisinin Hammadde Bağımlılığı: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 2, 434 - 473, 04.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1520060

Öz

Küreselleşme, artan talep ve çelik üretim teknolojilerinin gelişiminin bir sonucu olarak azalan demir cevheri kaynakları ve hurda malzeme bulunabilirliğinin sınırlı olması sektörün hammadde temininde dış ticaret, üretim ve maliyet kriterlerini öne çıkarmaktadır. Türkiye’nin demir çelik endüstrisinde hammadde bağımlılığını ve dış ticaret verimliliğini ortaya çıkarmak çalışmanın ana amacı olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin en iyi performans gösterdiği ülkelerin ve yılların belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada 2008 finansal krizinin de etkilerini değerlendirebilmek adına 2008-2022 dönemi incelemeye alınmıştır. Çalışmada çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde “CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation” (CRITIC) ve alternatiflerin sıralanmasında ise ”Compherensive Distance Based Ranking” (COBRA) yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Türkiye demir çelik endüstrisinin demir cevherinden üretim yöntemine göre en iyi performans gösterdiği yılların sırasıyla 2021, 2008 ve 2022; hurda malzemeden üretim yöntemine göre ise 2021, 2019 ve 2008 olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. 2009 ve 2015 yıllarının her iki üretim yönteminde de en düşük performansa sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Ülkeler özelinde gerçekleştirilen uygulamada İtalya’nın en yüksek Rusya’nın ise en düşük performans değerine sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma, demir çelik endüstrisinde hammadde bağımlılığı konusunu üretim yöntemlerine göre sınıflandırması, ihracat ile ilişkilendirerek ticaret verimliliğini dikkate alması ve Türkiye özelinde hem yılları hem de ülkeleri incelemesi bakımından literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan farklılaşmaktadır.

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  • Ren, H., Zhou, W., Makowski, M., Zhang, S., Yu, Y. ve Ma, T. (2023). A multi-criteria decision support model for adopting energy efficiency technologies in the iron and steel industry. Annals of Operations Research, 325(2), 1111-1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04548-z
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  • Schoner, B. ve Wedley, W. C. (1989). Ambiguous criteria weights in AHP: Consequences and solutions. Decision Sciences, 20(3), 462-475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1989.tb01561.x
  • Singh, M. ve Pant, M. (2021). A review of selected weighing methods in MCDM with a case study. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 12, 126–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-020-01033-3
  • Singh, M., Pant, M., Godiyal, R. D. ve Kumar-Sharma, A. (2020). MCDM approach for selection of raw material in pulp and papermaking industry. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 35(3), 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2020.1711917
  • Singh, R. K., Choudhury, A. K., Tiwari, M. K. ve Maull, R. S. (2006). An integrated fuzzy-based decision support system for the selection of lean tools: a case study from the steel industry. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 220(10), 1735-1749. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544054JEM494
  • Spengler, T., Geldermann, J., Hähre, S., Sieverdingbeck, A. ve Rentz, O. (1998). Development of a multiple criteria based decision support system for environmental assessment of recycling measures in the iron and steel making industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 6(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(97)00048-6
  • Stević, Ž., Pamučar, D., Puška, A. ve Chatterjee, P. (2020). Sustainable supplier selection in healthcare industries using a new MCDM method: Measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS). Computers & Industrial Engineering, 140, 106231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.106231
  • Strezov, V., Evans, A. ve Evans, T. (2013). Defining sustainability indicators of iron and steel production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 51, 66-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.016
  • Tadić, S., Krstić, M. ve Radovanović, L. (2024). Assessing strategies to overcome barriers for drone usage in last-mile logistics: A novel hybrid fuzzy MCDM model. Mathematics, 12(3), 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12030367
  • Taşcı, M. Z. (2024). MEREC ve CRADIS yöntemlerini içeren entegre bir ÇKKV modeli ile DASK özelinde bir uygulama. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 25(1), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1294336
  • Tehseen, S. ve Sajilan, S. (2016). Network competence based on resource-based view and resource dependence theory. International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 9(1), 60-82. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTGM.2016.074138
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  • Thanh, V. N., Tinh, N. V. ve Nhi, T. H. T. (2023). Strategic decision making at a steel industry assisted by fuzzy theory and multicriteria decision making model. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3341364
  • Tursun, S. S. ve Özkoç, H. H. (2022). Çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri kullanılarak tedarikçi seçim kararı ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizi: 2000-2020. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 64-82.
  • Türkiye Çelik Üreticileri Derneği [TÇÜD] (2016). Demir çelik sektörü. Erişim adresi: https://celik.org.tr/demir-celik-sektoru/
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  • Ulutaş, A., Balo, F. ve Topal, A. (2023). A new hybrid MCDM method for optimizing natural stone selection for building envelopes. Revista de la Construcción, 22(3), 646-660. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.22.3.646
  • Ustalar, S. A. (2021). Riskten korunma yaklaşımı çerçevesinde uluslararası hisse senedi yatırımları ile ticaret arasındaki ilişki. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(3), 475-490. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.794085
  • Uysal, U. (2015). Demir çelik hurda ithalatında yaşanan sorunların belirlenmesi ve çözüm önerileri. (Yüksek lisans tezi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Hatay). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
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  • Wang, C. N., Nguyen, T. L. ve Dang, T. T. (2022). Two-stage fuzzy MCDM for green supplier selection in steel industry. Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, 33(2). 1245-1260 https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2022.024548
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  • Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J. ve Zakarevicius, A. (2012). Optimization of weighted aggregated sum product assessment. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 122(6), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.122.6.1810
  • Zhang, H., Peng, Y., Tian, G., Wang, D. ve Xie, P. (2017). Green material selection for sustainability: A hybrid MCDM approach. PloS one, 12(5), e0177578. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177578
  • Zhang, L., Bai, W., Yu, J., Ma, L., Ren, J., Zhang, W. ve Cui, Y. (2018). Critical mineral security in China: an evaluation based on hybrid MCDM methods. Sustainability, 10(11), 4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114114.
Toplam 120 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Doğal Kaynaklar Ekonomisi, Sanayi Ekonomisi, İş Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ümit Remzi Ergün 0000-0002-8967-1892

Seda Abacıoğlu Yeşiltepe 0000-0002-3150-2770

Elif Bulut 0000-0001-8278-1821

Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 7 Aralık 2024
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 40 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ergün, Ü. R., Abacıoğlu Yeşiltepe, S., & Bulut, E. (2025). Üretim Yöntemlerine Göre Demir Çelik Endüstrisinin Hammadde Bağımlılığı: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 40(2), 434-473. https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1520060

İzmir İktisat Dergisi
TR-DİZİN, DOAJ, EBSCO, ERIH PLUS, Index Copernicus, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, EconLit, Harvard Hollis, Google Scholar, OAJI, SOBIAD, CiteFactor, OJOP, Araştırmax, WordCat, OpenAIRE, Base, IAD, Academindex
tarafından taranmaktadır.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınevi Web Sitesi
https://kutuphane.deu.edu.tr/yayinevi/

Dergi İletişim Bilgileri Sayfası
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ije/contacts


İZMİR İKTİSAT DERGİSİ 2022 yılı 37. cilt 1. sayı ile birlikte sadece elektronik olarak yayınlanmaya başlamıştır.