Sustainable Development, Climate Change and CO2 Emissions in the Transport Sector: Aegean Region Example

Öz

The climate may change due to natural causes or human activities. To ensure sustainable development, it is necessary to reduce the impact of human activities on the climate. CO2 emissions resulting from human activities spread into the atmosphere and have a significant impact on climate change. It is seen that these emissions originate from different sectors, and transportation has an important place among these sectors. Especially, CO2 emissions occur as a result of transportation activities. This may negatively affect the climate and sustainable development. For this reason, there is a need to reduce emissions and climate change arising from the transportation sector in Türkiye and to take an effective step towards sustainable development. Therefore, determining the extent of road transportation emissions is important to reveal their impact on climate change. There are studies addressing road transportation emissions in the literature, and based on the results obtained in this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by making comparisons with different criteria such as population and vehicle change. In this context, the study calculates the CO2 emissions caused by road transportation in the provinces of the Aegean Region in 2010 and 2022. In the calculation made using the Tier 1 method recommended by IPCC, it is concluded that the highest emission in 2022 occurs in Izmir with 5,150.33 GgCO2. In addition, it is seen that emissions are increasing in all provinces and precautions are necessary. In the conclusion of the study, policy recommendations are developed regarding renewable energy, electric vehicles, taxes, economic support and vehicle features in the light of the findings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable Development
• Climate Change
• Transportation Sector
• Aegean Region
• CO2 Emission

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, İklim Değişikliği ve Ulaşım Sektöründe CO2 Emisyonu: Ege Bölgesi Örneği

Öz

İklim, doğal sebepler ya da insan faaliyetlerine bağlı olarak değişime uğrayabilir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın sağlanması için insan faaliyetlerinin iklim üzerindeki etkisini azaltmak gerekmektedir. İnsan faaliyetleri sonucu meydana gelen CO2 emisyonu atmosfere yayılmakta ve iklim değişikliği üzerinde önemli etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu emisyonların farklı sektörlerden kaynaklanarak ortaya çıktığı, bu sektörler arasında ulaşımın önemli bir yere sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Özellikle ulaşım faaliyetleri sonucu CO2 emisyonu meydana gelmektedir. Bu durum iklimi ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle Türkiye’de ulaşım sektöründen kaynaklanan emisyonların ve iklim değişikliğinin azaltılmasına, sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya yönelik etkili bir adım atılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Dolayısıyla karayolu ulaşım emisyonlarının boyutlarının belirlenmesi, iklim değişikliğine olan etkisinin ortaya çıkarılabilmesi için önemlidir. Literatürde karayolu ulaşım emisyonunu ele alan çalışmalara rastlanmakta, bu çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçtan hareketle nüfus ve araç değişimi gibi farklı kriterlerle kıyaslama yaparak literatüre katkı sağlamak hedeflenmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Ege Bölgesi illerinde 2010 ve 2022 yıllarında karayolu ulaşımının yol açtığı CO2 emisyonu hesaplanmaktadır. IPCC’nin önerdiği Tier 1 yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan hesaplamada 2022 yılında en fazla emisyonun 5,150,33 GgCO2 ile İzmir’de meydana geldiği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca emisyonların tüm illerde arttığı ve tedbir alınmasının gerekli olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında elde edilen bulgular ışığında yenilenebilir enerji, elektrikli araç, vergi, ekonomik destek ve araç özellikleri hususunda politika önerileri geliştirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
• İklim Değişikliği
• Ulaşım Sektörü
• Ege Bölgesi
• CO2 Emisyonu

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