Yapay Zekânın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: BRICS+ Ülkeleri ve Türkiye için Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi’ne neden olduğu yönünde görüş birliği olan yapay zekâ, öğrenme ve bilgi depolama gibi beşerî sermaye birikimine benzer özellikler gösterdiğinden, üretimde dikkate alınması gereken bir faktördür. Öyle ki, bu faktör üretimde kullanıldıkça tükenmediğinden, aksine bilgi birikimiyle öğrenip geliştiğinden rakipsizdir. Bu rakipsizlik özelliği, kıt kaynak ve ekonomik büyüme açmazında kilit rol oynamaktadır. Bu öneminden dolayı yapay zekâ, günümüzde popüler bir araştırma alanıdır. Bu çalışmada, yapay zekânın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri hem teorik çerçevede hem de literatürde öne çıkan katkılar ekseninde ele alınmakta; yapay zekânın ekonomik büyüme için sunduğu fırsatlar ve tehditler irdelenerek, 2012-2024 dönemi için BRICS+ ülkeleri ile Türkiye’de yapay zekânın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri bir panel veri analizi yoluyla araştırılmaktadır. Pandeminin yapay zekânın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini farklılaştırması özellikle dikkat çekicidir. Elde edilen bulgular ve çıkarımlar doğrultusunda politika önerileri sunulmaktadır. Çalışma, inceleme alanı ve dönemi itibarıyla ampirik literatüre özgün bir katkı sunmakta olup, yaygın bir etkisi olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Yapay Zekâ
• Pandemi
• Panel Veri Analizi
• BRICS+ Ülkeleri ve Türkiye

The Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis for BRICS+ Countries and Türkiye

Öz

Artificial intelligence, which is generally considered to have caused the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is a factor that must be considered in production because it exhibits characteristics similar to human capital accumulation, such as learning and information storage. This factor is unrivaled because it does not deplete with use in production; on the contrary, it learns and develops through the accumulation of knowledge. This unrivaled characteristic plays a key role in the dilemma of scarce resources and economic growth. Due to its importance, artificial intelligence is a popular research area today. This study examines the impacts of artificial intelligence on economic growth both within a theoretical framework and based on prominent contributions in the literature; it explores the opportunities and threats that artificial intelligence presents for economic growth; and it investigates the impacts of artificial intelligence on economic growth in BRICS+ countries and Türkiye for the period 2012-2024 using Panel Data Analysis. The finding that the pandemic has differentiated the impact of artificial intelligence on economic growth is particularly noteworthy. Policy recommendations are presented based on the findings and conclusions obtained. The study contributes to the empirical literature in its field and period and is thus expected to have a widespread impact.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Economic Growth
• Artificial Intelligence
• Pandemic
• Panel Data Analysis
• BRICS+ Countries and Türkiye

Kaynakça

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