Nükleer Enerjinin Sosyal Kabulüne Yönelik Bir İnceleme: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Alan Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmada nükleer enerjinin kabulü ile ilgili faktörler ve genç kuşakların nükleer enerjiye olan duyarlılıkları arasındaki nedensel ilişkiler yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmiştir. Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi fakültelerinde öğrenim görmekte olan 521 öğrenciye uygulanan anketin verileri analiz edilmiştir. Öğrencilere enerji arzının algılanan faydaları, algılanan çevresel faydalar, risk algısı, güven ve kabul gizil değişkenleri ile ilgili sorular sorulmuştur. Nükleer enerji kabul düzeyi üzerinde risk algısının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif etkisi saptanmış, modeldeki diğer gizil değişkenlerin kabul düzeyine etkisinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi,Nükleer Enerji,Sosyal Kabul

An Investigation on The Social Acceptance of Nuclear Energy: A Case Study on University Students

Öz

In this study, the causal relationships between the factors related to nuclear energy acceptance and the sensitivity of young generations to nuclear energy are examined with structural equation model. The data obtained by the questionnaire applied to 521 students studying at the faculties of the Kütahya Dumlupınar University were analyzed. The students were asked the questions related to the latent variables which are perceived benefits of energy supply, perceived environmental benefits, risk perception, trust and acceptance. While risk perception has a statistically significant and negative effect on acceptance, the effects of other latent variables in the model have found to be positive.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Structural Equation Modeling,Nuclear Energy,Social Acceptance

Kaynakça

1. Adamantiades, A., and Kessides, I. (2009), “Nuclear Power For Sustainable Development: Current Status And Future Prospects”, Energy Policy, 37(12), 5149–5166.
2. Ansolabehere, S., and Konisky, D. M. (2009), “Public Attitudes Toward Construction of New Power Plants”, Public Opinion Quarterly, 73(3), 566–577.
3. Asif, M., and Muneer, T. (2007), “Energy Supply, Its Demand And Security Issues For Developed And Emerging Economies”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11(7), 1388–1413.
4. Ateş, H., and Saraçoğlu, M. (2013), “Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Gözünden Nükleer Enerji, Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Perspective About Nuclear Energy”, Ahi Evran Ünv. Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (Kefad), 14(3), 175–193.
5. Atiyas, I. (2015), “A Review Of Turkey’s Nuclear Policies And Practices”, Edam Discussion Paper Series, 2015 / 5 (August).
6. Bickerstaff, K., Lorenzoni, I., Pidgeon, N. F., Poortinga, W., Simmons, P. (2008), “Reframing Nuclear Power In The Uk Energy Debate: Nuclear Power, Climate Change Mitigation And Radioactive Waste”. Public Understanding of Science, 17(2), 145–169.
7. Bilgen, S., Keleş, S., Kaygusuz, A., Sarı, A., Kaygusuz, K. (2008), “Global Warming And Renewable Energy Sources For Sustainable Development: A Case Study in Turkey”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(2), 372–396.
8. Bird, D. K., Haynes, K., Van Den Honert, R., Mcaneney, J., Poortinga, W. (2014), “Nuclear Power in Australia: A Comparative Analysis of Public Opinion Regarding Climate Change And The Fukushima Disaster”, Energy Policy, 65, 644–653.

9. Byrne, B. M., and Stewart, S. M. (2006), “The Macs Approach To Testing For Multigroup Invariance Of A Second-Order Structure: A Walk Through The Process”, Structural Equation Modeling, 13(2), 287-321.
10. Byrne, Bm. (2010), Structural Equation Modeling With Amos: Basic Concepts, Applications, And Programming. 2nd Ed. New York: Routledge.
11. Chen, M. F., Li, H. L. (2007), “The Consumer’s Attitude Toward Genetically Modified Foods in Taiwan”, Food Quality And Preference, 18(4), 662–674.
12. Comby, B. (2006), “The Benefits of Nuclear Energy”, Tnr, (October), 2100.
13. Corner, A., Venables, D., Spence, A., Poortinga, W., Demski, C., Pidgeon, N. (2011), “Nuclear Power, Climate Change and Energy Security: Exploring British Public Attitudes”, Energy Policy, 39(9), 4823–4833.
14. Çelik, H. E., ve Yılmaz, V. (2013), Lisrel 9.1 ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Temel Kavramlar- Uygulamalar- Programlama, Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara.
15. Ens. (2017), European Nuclear Society. https://www.Euronuclear.Org. Retrieved FromHttps://Www.Euronuclear.Org/Info/Encyclopedia/N/Nuclear-Power-Plant-World-Wide.Htm. (04.04.2017).
16. Erdoğdu, E. (2007), “Nuclear Power in Open Energy Markets: A Case Study Of Turkey”, Energy Policy, 35(5), 3061–3073.
17. Ertör-Akyazı, P., Adaman, F., Özkaynak, B., & Zenginobuz, Ü. (2012), “Citizens’ Preferences on Nuclear and Renewable Energy Sources: Evidence From Turkey” Energy Policy, 47, 309–320.
18. European Commission, (2008). Attitudes Towards Radioactive Waste. Tns Opinion & Social, Brussels.
19. Fischer, D. (1997), History of The International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years, 564, Http://Www-Pub.İaea.Org/Mtcd/Publications/Pdf/Pub1032_Web.Pdf (14.04.2017).
20. Furuncu, Y. (2016), “Türkiye’nin Enerji Bağımlılığı ve Akkuyu Nükleer Enerji Santrali Turkey Energy Dependence And Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant”, Cilt Science Science Journal (Csj), 37(37), 6–8. Doi:10.17776/Csj.22226.
21. Greenberg, M. (2009), “Energy Sources, Public Policy, And Public Preferences: Analysis Of Us National And Site-Specific Data”, Energy Policy, 37(8), 3242–3249.
22. Goodfellow, M. J., Wıllıams, H. R., Azapagic, A. (2011), “Nuclear Renaissance, Public Perception And Design Criteria: An Exploratory Review”, Energy Policy, 39(10), 6199–6210.
23. Hepbaşlı, A. (2005), “Development and Restructuring of Turkey’s Electricity Sector: A Review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 9(4), 311–343.
24. Hox, Jj., and Bechger Tm. (1999), “An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling”, Family Science Review 11, 354–73.
25. Iea. (2016), Key World Energy Statistics 2016. Statistics, 80. Doi:10.1787/9789264039537-En.
26. Ito, (2007), İstanbul Ticaret Odası, Enerji Sektörünün Geleceği Alternatif Enerji Kaynakları Ve Türkiye’nin Önündeki Fırsatlar, Yayın No: 2007-29. İstanbul.
27. Jewell, J., and Ates, S. A. (2015), “Introducing Nuclear Power İn Turkey: A Historic State Strategy And Future Prospects”, Energy Research And Social Science, 10, 273–282.
28. Jöreskog, Kg., and Sörbom D. (1993), Lisrel 8: Structural Equation Modeling With The Simplis Command Language. United States of America: Scientific Software International.
29. Jöreskog, Kg., and Sörbom, D. (1996), Lısrel 8: User’s Reference Guide. United States Of America: Scientific Software International.
30. Kaiser, H. F. (1974), “An Index of Factorial Simplicity”, Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36.
31. Kasapoğlu, İ. (1996), “Enerji Tüketiminde İthalatın Yeri ve Etkileri”, Tmmob 1. Enerji Sempozyumu, 12-14 Kasım 1996, Ankara, Ss.1–8.
32. Khine, Ms. (2013), Application of Structural Equation Modeling In Educational Research And Practice, Sense Publishers, Rotterdam / Boston / Taipei.
33. Li, J., Liu, Y., Yang Y., Fang, C. (2015), “The Study Of Public Acceptance Of Nuclear Power İn China With Quantitative Model”, In Huang Et Al. (Ed.), Emerging Economies, Risk And Development, And Intelligent Technology, (Pp. 369-376), Taylor & Francis Group, London.
34. Liu, C., Zhang, Z., Kidd, S. (2008), “Establishing an Objective System For The Assessment Of Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power in China”, Nuclear Engineering And Design, 238(10), 2834–2838.
35. Locatelli, G., Milano, P. (2013), “Method to Select The Countries And Scenarios More Appropriate For The Deployment Of Smr” In: 21st International Conference On Nuclear Engineering, July29–August2; Chengdu, China. P. 1–9. Doi:10.1115/Icone21-15938.
36. Menr. (2011), Ministry Of Energy And Natural Resources. Nükleer Santraller Ve Ülkemi̇zde Kurulacak Nükleer Santrale İli̇şki̇n Bi̇lgi̇ler. Nükleer Enerji Proje Uygulama Dairesi Başkanlığı, (1), 61. . Retrieved Fromhttp://Www.Etkb.Gov.Tr/File/?Path=Root/1/Documents/Belge/Nukleer_Santraller_Ve_Ulkemizde_Kurulacak_Nukleer_Santrale_Iliskin_Bilgiler.Pdf. (15.07.2016).
37. Mfa. (2017), Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Http://Www.Mfa.Gov.Tr. Available From Http://Www.Mfa.Gov.Tr/Turkeys-Energy-Strategy.En.Mfa.;2017. (04.04.2017).
38. Muthén, Bo. (1989), “Dichotomous Factor Analysis Of Symptom Data”, Sociological Methods & Research, 18(1), 19- 65.
39. Nea. (2016), Nuclear Energy Agency. Nuclear Energy Data 2016, 1–103. Retrieved From Https://Www.Oecd-Nea.Org/Ndd/Nuclear-Energy-Data/2016/ (06.04.2017).
40. Özdemir, N., Omca Çobanoğlu, E. (2008), “Türkiye’de Nükleer Santralleri̇n Kurulması ve Nükleer Enerji̇ Kullanımı Konusundaki̇ Öğretmen Adaylarının Tutumları, Journal Of Education, 34, 218–232.
41. Paul, S., & Bhattacharya, R. N. (2004), “Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: A Note on Conflicting Results”. Energy Economics, 26(6), 977–983.
42. Pidgeon, N. F., Lorenzonı, I., Poortınga, W. (2008), “Climate Change or Nuclear Power-No Thanks! A Quantitative Study of Public Perceptions and Risk Framing in Britain”, Global Environmental Change, 18(1), United Kingdom, Pp.69–85.
43. Pidgeon, N.F., Hood, C., Jones, D., Turner, B., Gibson, R. (1992), “Risk Perception”, In: Risk: Analysis, Perception And Management: Report of A Royal Society Study Group, Pp. 89-134, The Royal Society, London.
44. Raykov T, Marcoulides Ga. (2008), An Introduction to Applied Multivariate Analysis, Routledge, United States Of America.
45. Renn, O., & Levıne, D. (1991), “Credibility and Trust in Risk Communication”, Communicating Risks To The Public, 175–218. Doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1952-5.
46. Romanach, L., Carr-Cornısh, S., & Muriuki, G. (2015), “Societal Acceptance of an Emerging Energy Technology: How is Geothermal Energy Portrayed in Australian Media?”, Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 1143–1150.
47. Roth, S., Hırschberg, S., Bauer, C., Burgherr, P., Dones, R., Heck, T., Schenler, W. (2009), “Sustainability of Electricity Supply Technology Portfolio”, Annals of Nuclear Energy, 36(3), 409–416.
48. Ruan, D. Et Al Editors. (2008), “Computational Intelligence İn Decision And Control”, In: Proceedings of The 8th International Flıns Conference; 2008 Sep 21-24; World Scientific, Madrid.
49. Siegrist, M., & Cvetkovich, G. (2000), “Perception of Hazards: The Role of Social Trust and Knowledge”, Risk Analysis, 20(5), 713–720.
50. Şirin, S. M. (2010), “An Assessment of Turkey’s Nuclear Energy Policy in Light of South Korea’s Nuclear Experience”, Energy Policy, 38(10), 6145–6152.
51. Slovic, P. (1987), “The Perception of Risk”, Science (New York, N.Y.), 236(4799), 280-285. Doi:10.1126/Science.3563507
52. Slovic, P. (1993), “Perceived Risk, Trust, and Democracy”, Risk Analysis, 13(6), 675–682.
53. Song, Y., Kim, D., Han, D. (2013), “Risk Communication in South Korea: Social Acceptance of Nuclear Power Plants (Npps)”, Public Relations Review, 39(1), 55–56.
54. Spence, A. A., Poortınga, W., Pidgeon, N. N. F., Lorenzoni, I. (2010), “Public Perceptions of Energy Choices: The Influence of Beliefs About Climate Change and The Environment”, Energy & Environment, 21(5), 385–407.
55. Suhr, D. (2006), “Exploratory or Confirmatory Factor Analysis”, Statistics and Data Analysis, 1–17.
56. Tamzok, N. (2014), “Enerjide Yerli Kaynak Sorunu (1)”, (1), 1–4.
57. Tanaka, Y. (2004), “Major Psychological Factors Determining Public Acceptance of the Siting of Nuclear Facilities”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(6), 1147–1165.
58. Wang, Y., Li, J. (2016), “A Causal Model Explaining Chinese University Students’ Acceptance of Nuclear Power”, Progress in Nuclear Energy, 88, 165–174.
59. Whitfield, S. C., Rosa, E. A., Dan, A., Dıetz, T. (2009), “The Future of Nuclear Power: Value Orientations and Risk Perception”, Risk Analysis, 29(3), 425–437.
60. Visschers, V. H. M., Keller, C., & Siegrist, M. (2011), “Climate Change Benefits and Energy Supply Benefits As Determinants of Acceptance of Nuclear Power Stations: Investigating an Explanatory Model”, Energy Policy, 39(6), 3621–3629.