The Relationship Between Transfer Expenditures and Income Inequality: A Comparative Evaluation via Panel Causality Analysis

Öz

This study aims to determine the relationship between transfer expenditures and income inequality for 39 countries with different development level and to reveal whether this relationship differs according to the income inequality level of the countries. For this purpose, the countries used in the analysis are divided into two groups considering the income inequality levels. The relationship between these variables is investigated by the Emirmahmutoğlu-Kose (2011) panel causality test, which is based on the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) test. According to the results of the analysis, while there is a one-way causality relationship from transfer expenditures to income inequality in countries with high income inequality; there is a bilateral causality in countries with low income inequality. In addition, with this method, which makes it possible to achieve country-specific results, it can be said that suggestions regarding transfer policies should be made on a country basis, not on a general level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transfer Expenditures
• Income Inequality
• Causality Analysis

Transfer Harcamaları ve Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi ile Karşılaştırmalı Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Bu çalışmada farklı gelişmişlik düzeyine sahip olan 39 ülkede transfer harcamaları ile gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi ve bu ilişkinin ülkelerin gelir eşitsizliği seviyesine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda analizde kullanılan ülkeler gelir eşitsizlik seviyeleri göz önüne alınarak iki gruba ayrılmaktadır. İlgili değişkenler arasındaki ilişki Toda–Yamamoto (1995) testine dayanan Emirmahmutoğlu-Köse (2011) panel nedensellik testi ile araştırılmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre gelir eşitsizliği yüksek olan ülkelerde transfer harcamalarından gelir eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunurken; gelir eşitsizliği düşük olan ülkelerde çift yönlü nedensellik olduğuna dair kanıtlar elde edilmektedir. Ayrıca ülkelere özgü sonuçların da elde edilmesini mümkün kılan bu yöntem ile transfer politikalarına ilişkin önerilerin genel nitelikte değil ülke bazında yapılması gerektiği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transfer Harcamaları
• Gelir Eşitsizliği
• Nedensellik Analizi

Kaynakça

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