Türkiye’de İşsizliğin Ekstra Maliyeti ve İşsizlik Ödeneklerinin Maddi Yoksunluk Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

İşsizliğin yarattığı maddi kayıplar sebebiyle bireylerin yaşamlarında olumsuzluklara neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Finansal kayıplar nedeniyle, işsizlerin maddi yoksunluğu bir işi olana kıyasla daha yüksek olabilir. Aynı standartlarda yaşayabilmek için işsiz bireyler, çalışanlara nazaran ilave maddi desteğe ihtiyaç duyabilmekte veya ekstra maliyetlere katlanmak zorunda kalabilmektedir. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de işsizliğin maddi yoksunluk üzerine etkisini ve işsiz bireylerin maddi yoksunluğu telafi etmek veya çalışanlarla aynı yaşam standardına sahip olmak için ne kadar ekstra maliyete katlanması gerektiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. TÜİK Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Anketi (2013-2017) havuzlanmış yatay kesit mikro verilerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada Yaşam Standardı Yaklaşımı takip edilmiştir. Analizlerde Logit ve doğrusal regresyon modelleri tahmin edilmiştir. Bulgular, işsiz bireylerin çalışanlara kıyasla maddi yetersizlikler yüzünden daha az olasılıkla akraba ve aileleri ile sosyal aktiviteler için bir araya geldiği, daha az olasılıkla spor, sinema ve konser gibi aktivitelere para ayırabildiği ve daha az olasılıkla sadece kendileri için bir miktar parayı harcayabildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular bize, çalışmada Türkiye’deki işsizlik yardım ve ödeneklerinin etkinliğini araştırmayı da düşündürmüştür. İlgili sonuçlar yapılan ödemelerin bireylerin maddi yoksunluğunu azaltmada ya da yaşam standardını iyileştirmede etkisinin önemsenmeyecek küçüklükte pozitif olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İşsizlik
• Maddi Yoksunluk
• İşsizlik Ödenekleri
• Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Anketi

Extra Costs of Unemployment in Turkey and The Effect of Unemployment Benefits on Material Deprivation

Öz

Unemployment can have undesirable effects on people’s life by creating material deprivation. Due to material deprivation, living standards of the unemployed can be lower than those of the rest employed. To be able to live in the same standards, the unemployed may bear extra costs or need some extra amount of financial support compared to the employed. This study aims at revealing the effect of the unemployment on material deprivation and sheds in the light of a question that how much extra costs that the unemployed people bear to compensate material deprivation or to have the same living standards with the people employed. Living standards approach is applied using TURKSTAT Income and Living Conditions Survey (2008-2017) pooled cross sectional micro level data. Logit and the linear regression models are estimated for the analysis. The findings reveal that unemployed individuals are less likely to get together with their relatives and families for the social activities, less likely to spend money for activities such as sports, movies and concerts, and less likely to spend some money just for themselves, due to financial inadequacies, compared to the employed. These findings have also led us to investigate the effectiveness of unemployment benefits and allowances in Turkey. The relevant results show that the effect of the payments is positive but negligibly small in reducing the material deprivation of individuals or improving the standard of living.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unemployment
• Material Deprivation
• Unemployment Benefits
• Income and Living Conditions Survey

Kaynakça

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