Araştırma Makalesi
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Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon Modelleri ve Avrupa Birliği Vatandaşları Üzerindeki Etkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1, 77 - 91, 14.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.798895

Öz

Farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon, son yıllarda Avrupa Birliği (AB) gündeminin en temel meselelerden biri haline gelmiştir. ‘Tek bedenin herkese uyması’ (one-size-fits-all) prensibinin bazı durumlarda yetersiz kalması özellikle genişleme ve derinleşme adımlarıyla birlikte daha belirgin bir hal almıştır. Bu yüzden, farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon düşüncesi çerçevesinde Birlik için yeni bir model arayışı kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bu makalede, Juncker Komisyonu döneminde (2014-2019) ‘Avrupa’nın Geleceği Üzerine’ hazırlanmış olan Beyaz Kitap’ta yer alan beş farklı senaryo, farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon modelleriyle birlikte düşünülerek incelenecek ve söz konusu senaryo ve modellerin AB vatandaşlarına potansiyel etkileri ele alınacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • A Europe That Delivers: Options for making the European Union’s work more efficient. (t.y.). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/dialogue-with-citizens-ahead-european-elections_en.pdf.
  • AB Kavramları Sözlüğü. (t.y.). İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı. Erişim adresi: https://oldweb.ikv.org.tr/sozluk.asp?bas_harf=D&anahtar=&sayfa=&id=1061.
  • De Neve, J. (2007). The European Onion? How Differentiated Integration is Reshaping the EU? Journal of European Integration, 29 (4), 503-521.
  • De Vries, C.E. (2018). Euroscepticism and the Future of European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Debate on The Future of Europe: 1,750 events so far with the potential to reach over 30 million Europeans. (2017, Temmuz 17). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_2029.
  • Delivering on Europe: Citizens’ Views On Current And Future EU Action. (2018, Mayıs). Eurobarometer Survey 89.2 of the European Parliament. Erişim adresi: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer/2018/delivering_on_europe_citizens_views_on_current_and_future_eu_action/report.pdf.
  • Democracy On The Move. (2018, Mayıs). Eurobarometer Survey 89.2 of the European Parliament. Erişim adresi: http://www.europarl.eu/pdf/eurobarometre/2018/oneyearbefore2019/eb89_one_year_before_2019_eurobarometer_en_opt.pdf.
  • ‘Denmark rejects the Maastricht Treaty and disrupts the process of European unity' from El País (1992, Haziran 3). CVCE. Erişim adresi: https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2003/12/3/6516e279-9f9e-411a-98d3-a2fcf9439bdb/publishable_en.pdf
  • Dyson, K. ve Angelos S. (2010). Differentiation as design principle and as a tool of political management in European integration. K.Dyson ve A. S. Houndmils (Ed.), Which Europe? The Politics of Differentiated Integration içinde (3-23 ss.). Basingstoke, Hamsphire; New York:Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Enhanced Cooperation. (t.y.). EUR-lex. Erişim adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/enhanced_cooperation.html.
  • Eupinions Trends/Attitude Towards European Integration. (t.y.) BertelsmannStiftung. Erişim adresi: https://eupinions.eu/de/trends/.
  • Hobolt, S.B. ve De Vries, C.E. (2016). Public support for European integration. Annual Review of Political Science, 19, 413-432.
  • Holzinger, K. ve Schimmelfennig, F. (2012). Differentiated Integration in the European Union: Many Concepts, Sparse Theory, Few Data. Journal of European Public Policy, 19 (2), 292-305.
  • Kölliker, A. (2001). Bringing together or driving apart the union? Towards a theory of differentiated integration. West European Politics, 24 (4), 125-151.
  • Lamers, K. (1997). Strengthening the Hard Core. P. Gowan ve P. Anderson (Ed.), The Question of Europe içinde (104-116 ss.). London, New York: Verso.
  • Multi-Speed Europe. (t.y.) EUR-lex. Erişim adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/multispeed_europe.html
  • Olcay, C. A. (2007). Avrupa Birliği’nde Ekonomik ve Parasal Birlik. İçinde Ç. Erhan, A.B. Kızılırmak ve C.A. Olcay (Ed.), Avrupa Birliği: Temel Konular içinde (183-200 ss.). Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi.
  • Piris, J. (2012). The Future of Europe: Towards a Two-Speed EU? UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Report on European Union. (1975, Aralık 29). CVCE. Erişim adresi: https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1997/10/13/284c9784-9bd2-472b-b704-ba4bb1f3122d/publishable_en.pdf
  • Schmitter, P.C. ve Lefkofridi, Z. (2016). Neo-Functionalism as a Theory of Disintegration. Chinese Political Science Review, 1, 1-29.
  • Schramm, L. (2019). European disintegration: A new feature of EU politics. College of Europe Policy Briefs, 3(19), 1-4. Erişim adresi: https://www.coleurope.eu/system/tdf/research-paper/schramm_cepob_3-19.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=50743&force=
  • Standard Eurobarometer 91 First Results. (2019). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinionmobile/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/88107?CFID=929869&CFTOKEN=a9fe5185d489a568-E9D465BC-EC15-A449-3B143D5F2383643C
  • Stubb, A. C-G. (1996). A Categorization of Differentiated Integration. Journal of Common Market Studies, 34(2), 283-295.
  • Teasdale, A. ve Bainbridge. T. (2012). The Penguin Companion to European Union (4. Baskı). England: Penguin Books.
  • White Paper On The Future of Europe: Reflections and scenarios for the EU27 by 2025. (2017, Mart 1). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/white_paper_on_the_future_of_europe_en.pdf.
  • White paper on the future of Europe: The way ahead. (t.y.). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/priorities/democratic-change/future-europe/white-paper-future-europe/white-paper-future-europe-way-ahead_en.

Models of Differentiated Integration and Their Effects On European Union Citizens

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1, 77 - 91, 14.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.798895

Öz

Differentiated integration has become one of the main concepts of the European Union (EU) agenda in recent years. The inadequacy of the principle of ‘one-size-fits-all’ in certain cases has become apparent especially with the widening and deepening steps. Therefore, the search for a new model for the Union within the framework of the idea of differentiated integration has been inevitable. In this article, five different scenarios in White Paper on the Future of Europe that released in The Juncker Commission’s term (2014-2019) will be analyzed in relation to the models of differentiated integration and the potential effects of these scenarios and models on EU citizens will be examined.

Kaynakça

  • A Europe That Delivers: Options for making the European Union’s work more efficient. (t.y.). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/dialogue-with-citizens-ahead-european-elections_en.pdf.
  • AB Kavramları Sözlüğü. (t.y.). İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı. Erişim adresi: https://oldweb.ikv.org.tr/sozluk.asp?bas_harf=D&anahtar=&sayfa=&id=1061.
  • De Neve, J. (2007). The European Onion? How Differentiated Integration is Reshaping the EU? Journal of European Integration, 29 (4), 503-521.
  • De Vries, C.E. (2018). Euroscepticism and the Future of European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Debate on The Future of Europe: 1,750 events so far with the potential to reach over 30 million Europeans. (2017, Temmuz 17). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_2029.
  • Delivering on Europe: Citizens’ Views On Current And Future EU Action. (2018, Mayıs). Eurobarometer Survey 89.2 of the European Parliament. Erişim adresi: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer/2018/delivering_on_europe_citizens_views_on_current_and_future_eu_action/report.pdf.
  • Democracy On The Move. (2018, Mayıs). Eurobarometer Survey 89.2 of the European Parliament. Erişim adresi: http://www.europarl.eu/pdf/eurobarometre/2018/oneyearbefore2019/eb89_one_year_before_2019_eurobarometer_en_opt.pdf.
  • ‘Denmark rejects the Maastricht Treaty and disrupts the process of European unity' from El País (1992, Haziran 3). CVCE. Erişim adresi: https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2003/12/3/6516e279-9f9e-411a-98d3-a2fcf9439bdb/publishable_en.pdf
  • Dyson, K. ve Angelos S. (2010). Differentiation as design principle and as a tool of political management in European integration. K.Dyson ve A. S. Houndmils (Ed.), Which Europe? The Politics of Differentiated Integration içinde (3-23 ss.). Basingstoke, Hamsphire; New York:Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Enhanced Cooperation. (t.y.). EUR-lex. Erişim adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/enhanced_cooperation.html.
  • Eupinions Trends/Attitude Towards European Integration. (t.y.) BertelsmannStiftung. Erişim adresi: https://eupinions.eu/de/trends/.
  • Hobolt, S.B. ve De Vries, C.E. (2016). Public support for European integration. Annual Review of Political Science, 19, 413-432.
  • Holzinger, K. ve Schimmelfennig, F. (2012). Differentiated Integration in the European Union: Many Concepts, Sparse Theory, Few Data. Journal of European Public Policy, 19 (2), 292-305.
  • Kölliker, A. (2001). Bringing together or driving apart the union? Towards a theory of differentiated integration. West European Politics, 24 (4), 125-151.
  • Lamers, K. (1997). Strengthening the Hard Core. P. Gowan ve P. Anderson (Ed.), The Question of Europe içinde (104-116 ss.). London, New York: Verso.
  • Multi-Speed Europe. (t.y.) EUR-lex. Erişim adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/multispeed_europe.html
  • Olcay, C. A. (2007). Avrupa Birliği’nde Ekonomik ve Parasal Birlik. İçinde Ç. Erhan, A.B. Kızılırmak ve C.A. Olcay (Ed.), Avrupa Birliği: Temel Konular içinde (183-200 ss.). Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi.
  • Piris, J. (2012). The Future of Europe: Towards a Two-Speed EU? UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Report on European Union. (1975, Aralık 29). CVCE. Erişim adresi: https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1997/10/13/284c9784-9bd2-472b-b704-ba4bb1f3122d/publishable_en.pdf
  • Schmitter, P.C. ve Lefkofridi, Z. (2016). Neo-Functionalism as a Theory of Disintegration. Chinese Political Science Review, 1, 1-29.
  • Schramm, L. (2019). European disintegration: A new feature of EU politics. College of Europe Policy Briefs, 3(19), 1-4. Erişim adresi: https://www.coleurope.eu/system/tdf/research-paper/schramm_cepob_3-19.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=50743&force=
  • Standard Eurobarometer 91 First Results. (2019). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinionmobile/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/88107?CFID=929869&CFTOKEN=a9fe5185d489a568-E9D465BC-EC15-A449-3B143D5F2383643C
  • Stubb, A. C-G. (1996). A Categorization of Differentiated Integration. Journal of Common Market Studies, 34(2), 283-295.
  • Teasdale, A. ve Bainbridge. T. (2012). The Penguin Companion to European Union (4. Baskı). England: Penguin Books.
  • White Paper On The Future of Europe: Reflections and scenarios for the EU27 by 2025. (2017, Mart 1). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/white_paper_on_the_future_of_europe_en.pdf.
  • White paper on the future of Europe: The way ahead. (t.y.). European Commission. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/priorities/democratic-change/future-europe/white-paper-future-europe/white-paper-future-europe-way-ahead_en.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özlem Sefer 0000-0002-7730-6556

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 2 Mart 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Mart 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Eylül 2020
Kabul Tarihi 16 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sefer, Ö. (2022). Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon Modelleri ve Avrupa Birliği Vatandaşları Üzerindeki Etkileri. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 37(1), 77-91. https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.798895

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İZMİR İKTİSAT DERGİSİ 2022 yılı 37. cilt 1. sayı ile birlikte sadece elektronik olarak yayınlanmaya başlamıştır.