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Öznel İktisadi İyi Oluş ve Öznel Sağlık Algılarının Belirleyicileri: İki Değişkenli Sıralı Probit Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3, 740 - 759, 26.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.869138

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki hanehalklarının öznel iktisadi iyi oluş ile öznel sağlık algılarının belirleyicilerini, bu iki öznel bilgi arasındaki etkileşim dikkate alarak incelemektir. Bu çerçevede, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından yayımlanan 2017 yılı Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması (GYKA) mikro veri setinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu veri setindeki, “hanenin toplam geliri ile gerekli harcamaları yapabilme durumu” sorusuna verilen yanıtlar “öznel iktisadi iyi oluş” ve “hanehalkı reisinin sağlık durumu” sorusuna verilen yanıtlar ise “öznel sağlık” olarak tanımlanmıştır ve bu değişkenler çalışmanın bağımlı değişkenlerini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, hanehalkı reisinin iyi-oluşunu etkileyen bağımsız değişkenlerin incelenmesinde, bağımlı değişkenin sıralı yapısını ve iki bağımlı değişken arasındaki etkileşimi dikkate alan iki değişkenli sıralı probit model kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre hanehalkı reisinin eğitim düzeyi arttıkça, hanehalkı reisinin öznel sağlık algısı daha iyi olmaktadır. Bunun yanında hanehalkı reisinin işsiz veya boşanmış olması, öznel iktisadi iyi oluşunu ise olumsuz etkilemektedir. Hanehalkı geliri ise hem hanehalkı reisinin öznel iktisadi iyi oluşunu hem de öznel sağlığını etkileyen en önemli değişkendir. Sonuç olarak hanehalkı reisinin öznel iktisadi iyi oluşu ve öznel sağlığının belirleyicileri farklılık göstermekle birlikte iki öznel bilgi arasında ilişki söz konusudur.

Kaynakça

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Determinants of Subjective Economic Well-being and Subjective Health: Bivariate Ordered Probit Approach

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3, 740 - 759, 26.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.869138

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of subjective well-being and subjective health of households in Turkey by considering the interaction between these two variables. Micro data set of Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC) held by TurkStat for the period of 2017 is used in this study. The answers of the questions on “the ability to make ends meet with total household income” and “the general health status of household head” are defined as “subjective economic well-being” and “subjective health” variables, respectively, which denote the dependent variables of the study. Because of the ordered structure of dependent variables, bivariate ordered probit model is used to determine the effects of independent variables on household head’s well-being status and health status in order to focus the relationship between these two dependent variables. According to the findings obtained from the study, the higher the education level of the household head, the better the subjective health perception of the household head. In addition, the status of the household head as unemployed or divorced negatively affects the subjective economic well-being of the household head. Household income is the most important variable affecting both the subjective economic well-being and subjective health of the household head. As a result, although the determinants of subjective economic well-being and subjective health of the household head differ, there exists a relationship between these two subjective variables.

Kaynakça

  • Alesina, A., Di Tella, R. ve MacCulloch, R., (2004). Inequality and happiness: are Europeans and Americans different? Journal of Public Economics, 88, 2009-2042.
  • Angelescu, L. (2008). The effects of transition on life satisfaction in Poland. Working Paper G08, Center for the Study of Democracy, Irvine, CA.
  • Biswas-Diener, R. (2008). Material wealth and subjective well-being. M. Eid ve R. J. Larsen (ed.), The science of subjective well-being içinde (307-322 ss.). The Guilford Press: New York.
  • Blanchflower, D. G. ve Oswald, A. (2000). Well-Being Over Time in Britain and the USA. NBER Working Paper No. 6102. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Blanchflower, D. G. ve Oswald, A. (2007). Is Well-Being U-Shaped Over the Life Cycle? NBER Working Paper No. 12935. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Brickman, P. ve Campbell, D. T. (1971). Hedonic relativism and planning the good society. M. H. Appley (ed.), Adaptation level theory: A symposion içinde (287-302 ss.). London: Academic Press.
  • Brock, D. (1993). Quality of life in health care and medical ethics. M. Nussbaum ve A. Sen (ed.), The Quality of Life içinde (95-132 ss.). Clarendon Press: Oxford.
  • Bruni, L. ve Porta, P. (2007). Introduction. L. Bruni ve P. L. Porta (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of Happiness içinde (xi-xxxvii ss.). Edward Elgar: Cheltenham.
  • Cheli, B., Lecchini, L., ve Masserini, L. (2002). An ordinal logit model for subjective well-being among the Italian older adults. J. Blasius, J. Hox, E. de Leeuw, ve P. Smidt (ed.), Social Science methodology in the New Millennium içinde. Germany: Leske & Budrich, Opladen.
  • Clark, A. E. (2009). Work, jobs and well-being across the millennium. E. Diener, D. Kahneman ve J.F. Helliwell (ed.), International Differences in Well-Being içinde (436-468 ss.). OUP: UK.
  • Clark, A. E. ve Oswald, A. J. (1994). Unhappiness and Unemployment. Economic Journal 104(5): 648–59.
  • Clark, A. E. ve Senik, C. (2010). Will GDP growth increase happiness in developing countries? Working Paper No. 2010-43.
  • Conceição, P. ve Bandura, R. (2008). Measuring subjective wellbeing: A summary review of the literature. UNDP Development Studies, Working Paper.
  • Coyne, P., Santarossa, S., Polumbo, N. ve Woodruff, S. J. (2018). The associations of social networking site use and self-reported general health, mental health, and well-being among Canadians. Digital Health, Vol: 4, 1-13.
  • Cracolici, M. F., Giambona, F. ve Cuffaro, M. (2012). The determinants of subjective economic well-being: An analysis on Italian-Silc data. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 7(1), 17-47.
  • Cracolici, M. F., Giambona, F. ve Cuffaro, M. (2014). Family structure and subjective economic well-being: Some new evidence. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 433-456.
  • Cummins, R. (2002). Subjective well-being from rich and poor. W. Glatzer (ed.), Rich and poor: Disparities, perceptions, concomitants içinde (137-156 ss.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
  • Dal, S. ve Sevüktekin, M. (2018). Türkiye’de Öznel İyi Oluş’un Yaşam Alanları Yaklaşımı İle Ölçülmesi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 18. EYİ Özel Sayısı, 433-446.
  • Deaton, A. (2007). Income, Aging, Health and Wellbeing Around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll. NBER Working Paper No. 13317, Cambridge, Mass: NBER.
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological. Bulletin, 95, 542–575.
  • Diener, E. ve Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being?: A literature review and guide to needed research. Social Indicators Research, 57, 119-169.
  • Diener, E. ve Biswas-Diener, R. (2008). Happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Diener, E. ve Chan, M. Y. (2011). Happy people live longer: Subjective well‐being contributes to health and longevity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 3(1), 1-43.
  • Diener, E., Diener, M. ve Diener, C. (1995). Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69(5), 851-864.
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  • Frey, B. S. ve Stutzer, A. (2002). Happiness and Economics: How the Economy and Institutions Affect Human Well-Being. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
  • Frijters, P., Geishecker, I., Shields, M. ve Haisken-DeNew, J. (2006). Can the large swings in Russian life satisfaction be explained by ups and downs in real incomes? Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 108, 433–458.
  • George, L. K. ve Landerman, R. (1984). Health and subjective well-being: A replicated secondary data analysis. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 19 (2), 133–156.
  • Glei, D. A., Goldman, N., Ryff, C D. ve Weinstein, M. (2017). Can we determine whether physical limitations are more prevalent in the US than in countries with comparable life expectancy? SSM- Population Health, 3, 808-813.
  • Goedhart, T., Halberstadt, V., Kapteyn, A. ve Van Praag, B. M. S. (1977). The poverty line: concept and measurement. The Journal of Human Resources, 12, 503-520.
  • Gove, W. R. ve Shin, H. (1989). The psychological well-being of divorced and widowed men and women. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 4–35.
  • Graham, C. ve Felton, A. (2006). Inequality and happiness: insights from Latin America. Journal of Economic Inequality, 4, 107–122.
  • Graham, C. ve Pettinato, S. (2001). Happiness and Hardship: Opportunity and Insecurity in New Market Economies. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
  • Hansen, T., Slagsvold, B. ve Moum, T. (2008). Financial satisfaction in old age: A satisfaction paradox or a result of accumulated wealth? Social Indicators Research, 89(2), 323-347.
  • Hanslmaier, M. (2013). Crime, fear and subjective well-being: How victimization and street crime affect fear and life satisfaction. European Journal of Criminology, 10(5), 515-533.
  • Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. The science of subjective well-being, 17-43.
  • Hayo, B. ve Seifert, W. (2003). Subjective economic well-being in Eastern Europe. Journal of economic psychology, 24(3), 329-348.
  • Helliwell, J. F. (2003). How’s life? Combining individual and national variables to explain subjective well-being. Economic Modelling 20(2): 331-360.
  • Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and post-modernization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
  • Inglehart, R. (2000). Globalization and Postmodern Values. The Washington Quarterly, 23 (1): 215-228.
  • Kapteyn, A. (1994). The measurement of household cost functions. Revealed preference versus subjective measures. Journal of Population Economics, 7, 333–350.
  • Kapteyn, A., Kooreman, P. ve Willemse, R. (1988). Some methodological issues in the implementation of subjective poverty definitions. The Journal of Human Resources, 23, 222–242.
  • Kenny, C. (2005). Does development make you happy? Subjective well-being and economic growth in developing Countries. Social Indicators Research, 73, 199-219.
  • Larsen, R. J., Diener, E. ve Emmons, R. A. (1985). An evaluation of subjective wellbeing measures. Social Indicators Research, 17, 1–18.
  • Larson, R. (1978). Thirty years of research on the subjective well-being of older Americans. Journal of gerontology, 33(1), 109-125.
  • Lelkes, O. (2006). Tasting freedom: Happiness, religion and economic transition. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 59(2), 173-194.
  • Litchfield, J., Reilly, B. ve Veneziani, M. (2012). An analysis of life satisfaction in Albania: An heteroscedastic ordered probit model approach. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 81(3), 731-741.
  • Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y. ve Diener, E. (2004). Unemployment alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychological science, 15(1), 8-13.
  • Lykken, D. ve Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 7, 186–189.
  • Markides, K. S. ve Pappas, C. (1982). Subjective age, health, and survivorship in old age. Research on Aging, 4(1), 87-96.
  • McBride, M. (2001). Relative-income effects on subjective well-being in the cross-section. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 45(3), 251–278.
  • Mehnert, T., Krauss, H. H., Nadler, R. ve Boyd, M. (1990). Correlates of Life Satisfaction in Those with Disabling Conditions. Rehabilitation Psychology 35(1): 3-17.
  • Molnar, G. ve Kapitany, Z. (2006). Mobility, uncertainty and subjective well-being in Hungary. IEHAS Discussion Paper 0605, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest.
  • Monden, C. (2014). Subjective Health and Subjective Well-Being. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 6423–6426.
  • Morris, M. D. (1979). Measuring the conditions of the world's poor: The physical quality of life. Pergamon: New York.
  • Mroczek, D.K. ve Spiro, A. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: Findings from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 189-202.
  • Mysíková, M., Želinský, T., Garner, T. I. ve Večerník, J. (2019). Subjective perceptions of poverty and objective economic conditions: Czechia and Slovakia a quarter century after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Social Indicators Research, 145(2), 523-550.
  • Namazie, C. ve Sanfey, P. (2001). Happiness and transition: the case of Kyrgyzstan. Review of Development Economics, 5(3), 392-405.
  • Okun, M. A. ve George, L. K. (1984). Physician-and self-ratings of health, neuroticism and subjective well-being among men and women. Personality and individual differences, 5(5), 533-539.
  • Okun, M. A., Stock, W. A., Haring, M. J. ve Witter, R. A. (1984). Health and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Aging & Human Dev., 19, 111-132.
  • Oswald, A. J. (1997). Happiness and Economic Performance. Economic Journal. 107(5): 1815-31.
  • Palomäki, L. M. (2017). Reference groups and pensioners’ subjective economic well-being in Europe. Social Indicators Research, 131(2), 509-525.
  • Parducci, A. (1995). Happiness, pleasure, and judgment: The contextual theory and its applications. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and persons. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
  • Picavet, H. S. ve Van den Bos, G. A. (1996). Comparing survey data on functional disability: The impact of some methodological differences. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50(1), 86-93.
  • Roca, T. (2011). Subjective well-being: Easterlin paradox, the (decreasing) return (s)? From log to square, new evidence from wealthier data. Working Paper.
  • Sajaia, Z. (2008). Maximum likelihood estimation of a bivariate ordered probit model: implementation and Monte Carlo simulations. The Stata Journal, 4(2), 1-18.
  • Sanfey, P. ve Teksoz, U. (2005). Does transition make you happy? European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Working Paper. No. 91.
  • Selezneva, E. (2011). Surveying transitional experience and subjective well being: Income, work, family. Economic Systems, 35, 139–157.
  • Selim, S. (2008). Türkiye’de bireysel mutluluk kaynağı olan değerler üzerine bir analiz: multinomial logit model. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(3), 345-358.
  • Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and capabilities. Amsterdam: North Holland.
  • Steptoe, A., Deaton, A. ve Stone, A. A. (2015). Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing. The Lancet, 385(9968), 640-648.
  • Stevenson, B. ve Wolfers, J. (2008). Economic growth and subjective well-being: Reassessing the Easterlin paradox, Working Paper No. 14282, National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Stickley, A., Koyanagi, A., Roberts, B., Goryakin, Y. ve McKee, M. (2015). Crime and subjective well-being in the countries of the former Soviet Union. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1-9.
  • Sumner, A. (2004). Economic Well-being and Non-economic Well-being. UNU-WIDER Research Paper No. 2004/30. UNU: Helsinki.
  • UNDP (1990). Human Development Report 1990. OUP: United Nations.
  • Tellegen, A., Lykken, D. T., Bouchard, T. J., Wilcox, K. J., Segal, N. L. ve Rich, S. (1988). Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1031–1039.
  • Thomas, D. L. ve Diener, E. (1990). Memory accuracy in the recall of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 291–297.
  • Tran, T. V. (1993). Subjective health and subjective well-being among minority elderly: Measurement issues. Journal of Social Service Research, 16(3-4), 133-146.
  • TÜİK (2017). Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması. Ankara: Türkiye.
  • Tümkaya, S. (2011). Humor styles and socio-demographic variables as predictor of subjective well-being of turkish university students. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(160), 158.
  • Van der Meer, P. H. (2014). Gender, unemployment and subjective well-being: Why being unemployed is worse for men than for women. Social Indicators Research, 115(1), 23-44.
  • Van Hoorn, A. (2007). A Short Introduction to Subjective Well-Being: Its Measurement, Correlates and Policy Uses. Background paper prepared for OECD Conference on Measuring Progress of Societies. Istanbul, June 27-30.
  • Van Praag, B. M. S. (1971). The welfare function of income in Belgium, an empirical investigation. European Economic Review, 2, 337-369.
  • Van Praag, B. M. S., Goedhart, T. ve Kapteyn, A. (1980). The poverty line - a pilot survey in Europe. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62(3), 461–465.
  • Van Praag, B. M. S. ve Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. (2008). A multidimensional approach to subjective poverty. N. Kakwani ve J. Silber (ed.), Quantitative approaches to multidimensional poverty measurement içinde (135-154 ss.). NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Van Praag, B. M. S., Frijters, P. ve Ferrer-i-Carbonel, A. (2003). The anatomy of subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 51, 29–49.
  • Van Praag, B. M. S. ve Kapteyn, A. (1973). Further evidence on the individual welfare function of income, an empirical investigation in The Netherlands. European Economic Review, 4, 33-62.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1991). Is Happiness Relative? Social Indicators Research, 24: 1-34.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2008). Sociological theories of subjective well-being. M. Eid ve R. J. Larsen (ed.), The science of subjective well-being içinde (44-61 ss.). The Guilford Press: New York.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2012). Correlates of happiness (World Database of Happiness). Rotterdam: Erasmus University Rotterdam.
  • Venkatapuram, S. (2013). Subjective wellbeing: a primer for poverty analysts. Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, 21(1), 5-17.
  • Vera-Toscano, E., Ateca-Amestoy, V. ve Serrano-del-Rosal, R. (2006). Building financial satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 77, 211–243.
  • Verbič, M. ve Stanovnik, T. (2006). Analysis of subjective economic well-being in Slovenia. Eastern European Economics, 44(2), 60-70.
Toplam 111 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Sedat Uğur 0000-0002-2562-5299

Çiler Sigeze 0000-0001-5329-5066

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 5 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Uğur, M. S., & Sigeze, Ç. (2022). Öznel İktisadi İyi Oluş ve Öznel Sağlık Algılarının Belirleyicileri: İki Değişkenli Sıralı Probit Yaklaşımı. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 37(3), 740-759. https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.869138

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İZMİR İKTİSAT DERGİSİ 2022 yılı 37. cilt 1. sayı ile birlikte sadece elektronik olarak yayınlanmaya başlamıştır.