Üst Düzey Devlet Yöneticileri Nereden Geliyor? Bürokratik Elitlerin Sosyal Kökenleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 822 - 840

Hicabi Kaynak Tuğça Poyraz

https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1369503

Öz

Bürokratik elitlerin sosyal kökenlerine, bunların organizasyonlar ve toplumlar açısından sonuçlarına odaklanan çalışmaların seyrekliği başta bürokrasinin dışa kapalılığından ve sosyal bilimcinin yabancılığının kuralcı ve son derece yapılandırılmış bir sistemin meşruiyetine tehdit olarak algılanmasından ileri gelir. Ancak diğer yandan, toplumsal yaşamı şekillendirme gücü olan bürokrasinin demokratik denetimi ve toplumsal çeşitliliği temsil etme düzeyi (üst düzey pozisyonların toplumsal heterojenliği), sosyal kökenler ve organizasyonel davranış arasındaki ilişki, elit formasyonu ile prestij ve politik güç arasındaki etkileşim gibi hususlar bu konunun incelenmesini zor olduğu kadar ilgi çekici de kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma bürokratik elitlerin sosyal kökenlerine odaklanmanın önemine yönelik bir vurguyla alanyazındaki az sayıda çalışmanın bir taraması niteliğindedir. Bu taramanın aslî amacı, farklı ülkelerdeki devlet bürokrasilerinin üst kademelerindeki insanların sosyal kökenlerini karşılaştırmak, temel örüntüleri tespit edebilmektir. Elde edilen bulgular, dünya genelinde üst düzey bürokratik kadroların orta ve üst sınıflardan bireylerce işgal edildiğini göstermektedir. Bulguların temsilî bürokrasi ve bürokrasinin günümüzdeki konumu, bürokratik reformlar ve genel olarak da sosyal politika açısından çok önemli içerimleri bulunmaktadır. Çalışma, başta Türkiye’de olmak üzere, üst düzey bürokratik kadroların bu anlamda etraflı bir değerlendirmesine yönelik ihtiyaca vurgu ile tamamlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bürokrasi, bürokratik elitler, üst düzey devlet yöneticileri, sosyal kökenler, temsilî bürokrasi

Where Do High-Level Administrators Come From? The Social Origins Of Bureaucratic Elites

Öz

The scarcity of studies on the social origins of bureaucratic elites and their consequences for organizations and societies primarily stems from the insularity of bureaucracy and the threat posed by the social scientist as an outsider to the legitimacy of a rule-based and highly structured system. On the other hand, the democratic control of bureaucracy, its actual level of representation of social diversity (the heterogeneity of top-level positions), the relationship between social origins and organizational behavior, and the interaction between elite formation, prestige, and political power make the examination of this subject both challenging and intriguing. This study reviews a few research studies, emphasizing the importance of focusing on the social origins of bureaucratic elites. The primary aim of this review is to compare the social backgrounds of individuals in top-level positions in state bureaucracies of different countries, and identify key patterns. The findings indicate that top-level bureaucratic positions worldwide are occupied by individuals from middle and upper classes. The findings have significant implications for representative bureaucracy, the current state of bureaucracy, bureaucratic reforms, and social policy in general. The study is concluded with an emphasis on the need for a comprehensive assessment of top-level bureaucratic cadres, especially in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bureaucracy, bureaucratic elites, high-level administrators, social origins, representative bureaucracy

Kaynakça

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