Türkiye’de Organik Tarım ile Tarımsal İstihdam İlişkisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 658 - 674, 04.09.2024

Kurtuluş Merdan

https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1374321

Öz

Organik tarım birbirinden farklı prensipleri olan ve belirli kurallar çerçevesinde yürütülen sürdürülebilir tarım sistemidir. Organik girdilerin kimyasal girdilerle ikame edilmesi, ürünlerin satışa hazır duruma getirilmesi, yabancı ot kontrolü ve benzer işlerin elle yapılması gibi nedenlerden dolayı organik tarım yapan işletmeler daha fazla iş gücüne gereksinim duymaktadırlar. Bütün bu işler kırsal alanlarda istihdam olanaklarını artırarak küçük aile işletmelerinin üretime devam etmesine de olanak sağlamaktadır.Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de organik tarım ile tarımsal istihdam arasındaki ilişkinin bir ekonometrik model yardımıyla ortaya konulması ve organik tarımın istihdama etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, 2004-2021 yılları arası 17 yıllık zaman serisi verileri kullanılarak, organik tarım ürün sayısı, organik tarım çiftçi sayısı, organik yetiştiricilik yapılan alan (ha), organik doğal toplama alanı, organik tarım toplam üretim alanı, organik tarım üretim miktarı, organik tarım müteşebbis sayısı, organik tarım destekleme birim fiyatı, organik tarım destekleme tutarlarına ait değerler dikkate alınmış ve tarımsal istihdama etki eden faktörler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır Elde edilen regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; organik ürün sayısının tarımsal istihdam üzerinde anlamlı etkiye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte doğal toplama alanının tarımsal istihdam üzerinde pozitif yönde anlamlı olduğu, organik tarım toplam üretim alanı ve destekleme tutarının ise negatif yönde anlamlı olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda organik tarımla ilgili doğal toplama alanında meydana gelebilecek %1’lik artışın tarımsal istihdam oranında %0,28’den fazla artışa, toplam üretim alanında ve destekleme tutarında meydana gelebilecek %1’lik artışın sırasıyla tarımsal istihdam oranında %0,40 ve %0,44 oranında düşüşe neden olacağı ortaya konulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organik tarım, Tarımsal Destekler, İstihdam

A Study on The Relationship Between Organic Agriculture and Agricultural Employment in Türkiye

Öz

Organic agriculture is a sustainable agricultural system with different principles that is carried out within the scope of certain rules. Due to the substitution of organic inputs with chemical inputs, getting the products ready for sale, weed control, and similar operations by hand, enterprises engaged in organic farming require a larger labor force. All these jobs increase employment opportunities in rural areas and allow small family businesses to continue production. In this study, it has been tried to reveal the relationship between organic agriculture and agricultural employment with the help of an econometric model and to determine the effect of organic agriculture on employment. The study analyzed a 17-year time series of data spanning from 2004 to 2021 to identify the factors influencing agricultural employment, taking into account various aspects of organic agriculture, including the number of organic agricultural products, the count of farmers engaged in organic agriculture, the area dedicated to organic agricultural production, the organic wild collection area, the total area allocated for organic agricultural production, the quantity of organic agricultural production, the number of entrepreneurs involved in organic agriculture, the unit price of subsidy for organic agriculture, and the total amount of subsidy provided to organic agriculture. Based on the results of the regression analysis, it was determined that the number of organic products does not have a significant effect on agricultural employment. In addition, it was found that the wild harvesting area is positively significant for agricultural employment and that the total production area of organic agriculture and the amount of subsidy are negatively significant. The results of the research reveal that a 1% increase in the wild harvesting area related to organic agriculture would lead to an increase of more than 0.28% in the agricultural employment rate, while a 1% increase in the total production area and the amount of subsidy would lead to a decrease of 0.40% and 0.44% in the agricultural employment rate, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organic agriculture, Agricultural Supports, Employment

Kaynakça

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