Grossman'ın Genelleştirilmiş Sağlık Talebi Modeli: Türkiye Üzerine Uygulama

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 806 - 821, 04.09.2024

Oğuz Kara

https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1466447

Öz

Sağlık, ekonomik faaliyetlerin ve beşeri sermayenin ana kaynağıdır. Her birey bireysel faydasını maksimize etmek için yaşamı boyunca sağlıklı olmak ister ve bunun için çabalar. Bireylerin sağlık talebini inceleyen bu çalışmada, sağlık talebi konusunda araştırmalara öncülük eden Grossman'ın sağlık talebi (tüketim ve yatırım) modeli referans alınmıştır. Türkiye'de 2016 ve 2019 sağlık araştırması mikro veri setinde yer alan 25825 bireyin tıbbi bakım talepleri negatif binom regresyon modeli kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, beşeri sermaye bileşenlerinin (eğitim, gelir vb.) bireylerin genel sağlık durumu üzerindeki etkileri ordinal logit modeli kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sağlık talebi, ekonomik değişkenlerin yanı sıra sosyal ve kültürel faktörlerden ve bireylerin yaşamsal davranışlarından etkilenmektedir. Bu tür değişkenlere de analizde yer verilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin böyle bir hastalığı olmayanlara göre tıbbi bakım alma olasılıklarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, eğitim, gelir ve spor egzersizlerinin bireylerin sağlık durumunu iyileştirdiği, yaşlanma ve hastalık sayısındaki artışın ise sağlık durumunu kötüleştirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık Talebi, Grossman Modeli, Possion Regresyon, Sıralı Lojit Regresyon

Grossman’s Generalised Health Demand Model: An Application on Türkiye

Öz

Health is the main source of economic activity and human capital. Each individual wants to be healthy throughout her life in order to maximize his/her individual benefit and strives for this. In this study, which examined the health demand of individuals, Grossman's health demand (consumption and investment) model, which pioneered research on health demand, was referenced. The demands of 25825 individuals for medical care included in the 2016 and 2019 health research micro datasets in Türkiye were examined using the negative binomial regression model. In addition, the effects of human capital components (education, income, etc.) on the general health status of individuals were analyzed using the ordinal logit model. Health demand is influenced by economic variables as well as social and cultural factors and individuals' life behaviors. Such variables are also included in the analysis. According to the results, it was seen that individuals with chronic diseases are more likely to receive medical care than those who do not have such a disease. Besides, it was concluded that education, income, and sports exercises improve the health status of individuals, whereas aging and an increase in the number of diseases worsen the health status.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health Demand, Grossman Model, Poisson Regression, Ordered Logit Regression

Kaynakça

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