The Mediating Role of Teachers’ Depression Levels on The Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Burn-Out

Abstract

The aim of this study is to understand the mediation effects of teachers’ depression levels on the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. The study group in this research consists of 163 teachers working at Gaziantep schools during 2013-2014 academic year. Since the research aims to analyze mediation effect of teachers’ depression levels on the relationship between emotional labor and burnout, the research design employed in this study is relational scanning model. Maslach’s Burnout Scale, Emotional Labor Scale and Depression Scale were used as data collection tools. Regression analysis of the effect of emotional labor on burnout show that, after depression level is added to the model, the effect of emotional intelligence on burnout decreases which indicates that the depression level is a mediator variable in this relationship. Results of analysis regarding mediation effect of depression levels on the relationship between teachers’ emotional labor and burnout also illustrate that depression levels are partial mediator in this relationship. Within that context, it is recommended that activities that could decrease teachers’ depression levels at schools should be organized by school administrators. Some other recommendations are presented based on findings.

Keywords

• Depression,emotional labor,burnout,mediation effect

Kaynakça

1. Ashforth, B. E., & Ronald H.H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88-115.
2. Bayram, N., Aytaca, S., & Dursun, S. (2012). Emotional labor and burnout at work: A study from Turkey. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 300-305.
3. Carver, C., & Scheifer, M. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19-35.
4. Costa-Requane, G. Cristofol, R., & Canete J. (2011). Caregivers morbidity in palliative care unit: Predicting by gender, age, burden and self-esteem. Support Care Cancer, 20(7),1465-70.
5. Maslach, C., & Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2, 99-113.
6. Cevik, A., & Volkan, V. (1993) Depresyonun psikodinamik etyolojisi. Retrieved from http://psikiyatridizini.net/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=4710.
7. Diefendorff, J. M. Croyle, & M. Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 339-357.
8. England, P., & George F. (1986). Households, employment, and gender: A social, economic and demographic view. New York: Aldine.

9. Ersoy, F., Yildirim, C., & Edirne, T. (2001). Tukenmislik sendromu. Retrieved from http://www.ttb.org.tr/ STED/sted 2001 html.
10. Fraenkel, J.R., & Norman, E. W. (2008). How to desing and evaluate research in education. 7th Edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill.
11. Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165.
12. Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: a new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1),95-110.
13. Hochschild, A.R. (1983). The managed heart: the commercialization of human feeling. University of Berkeley: California Press.
14. Hochschild, A.R. (1979). Emotion work feeling rules, and social structure. The American Journal of Sociology, 85(3), 551-575.
15. Iorga, E., Stănescu, D.F., & Iliescu, D. (2012). The relationship between emotional labor and burnout in direct sales representatives: A pilot study. Journal of the Human Resources Psychology, 10(1), 20-39.
16. Karasar, N. (1995). Bilimsel arastirma yontemi. Ankara: Sim Matbaacilik.
17. Jackson, S. E., & Maslach, C. (1982). After-effects of job-related stress: Families as victims. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 3, 63-77.
18. James, N. (1989). Emotional labour: Skill and work in tht social regulation of feelings. Sociological Review, 37(1), 15-42.
19. Jis, M. H., Guy, M.E. (2009). How emotional labor influences worker pride, job satisfaction, and burnout: An examiation of consumer complaint workers. Public Performance and Management Review, 33(1), 88-105
20. Jose, P. E. (2013). MedGraph-I: A programme to graphically depict mediation among three variables. Retrieved From http://pavlov.psyc.vuw.ac.nz/paul-jose/medgraph/
21. Kleinman, S., & Copp, M.A. (1993). Emotions and fieldwork. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
22. Mak, W.W., & Cheugry.M.W.W. (2011). Psychological distress and subjective burden of caregivers of people with mental illness: The role of affiliate stigma and face concern. Community Mental Health Journal, 48(3), 270-274.
23. Maslach, C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1982). Burnout: the cost of caring. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
24. Morris, J.A., & Feldman, D.C. (1996). The Dimensions, antecedents and onsequences of emotional labor. Academy of Management Review, 21, 986-1010.
25. Ozgen, I. (2010). Turizm isletmelerinde duygusal emek. Ankara: Detay Yayincilik.
26. Ozturk, O. (2004). Ruh sagligi ve bozukluklari. Istanbul: Nobel Yayin Dagitim.
27. Rafaeli, A., & Sutton, R. (1987). Expression of emotion as part of the work role. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 23-37.
28. Savas, A. C. (2012). Okul mudurlerinin duygusal zeka ve duygusal emek yeterliklerinin is doyumuna etkisi. Dumlupinar Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 33, 139-148.
29. Steinberg R.J., & Figart, D.M. (1999). Emotional demands at work: A job content analysis. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561, 177-191.
30. Tanriverdi, H., & Sarihan, M. (2013). Ise bagliligin tukenmislik ve depresyon duzeylerindeki etkileri: saglik calisanlari uzerinde bir arastirma. Uluslararasi Isletme ve Yonetim Dergisi, 1(2), 206-228.
31. Wharton, A. S., & Erickson, R.J. (1993). Managing emotions on the job and at home: Understanding the conseguences of multiple emotional roles. Academy of Management Review, 18(3),457-86.
32. Yilmaz, K., Altinkurt, Y., Guner, M., & Sen, B. (2015). The relationship between teachers’ emotional labor and burnout level. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 59, 75-90.