Parents' Participation Types in School Education

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify parental involvement types and determine what type of parental involvement the parents of middle school children prefer. Moreover, it is aimed to examine the parental involvement types with regard to the parents' gender, their educational background and the socio-economic status of the school. The population of the study comprises the parents of the six grade students study in  29 middle schools during 2018-2019 academic year in Denizli province in Turkey. The sample of the study consists of 243 volunteer parents in three different schools with low, medium and high socio-economic level based on their residential area according to the information obtained from the National Education Directorate. According to the data obtained from the scale, it was seen that parents were more likely to use parenting, learning at home and decision-making as parent involvement types; on the other hand they used 'collaborating with community' the least. Parental involvement types did not differ significantly according to gender. Whether parents are female or male did not affect the types of participation. This may be related to parents' trust in school. It may be stated that the school, which had a higher social status, met the expectations of parents and did not require active participation. Parental involvement types varied significantly depending on the parents' educational background.

Keywords

• Parental participation,types of parental participation,secondary school.

Kaynakça

1. Anderson, K. J., & Minke, K. M. (2007). Parental involvement in education: Toward an understanding of parents’ decision making. The Journal of Educational Research, 100(5), 311-323.
2. Boult, B. (2006). 176 ways to involve parents: practical strategies for parenting with families. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press Inc.
3. Binicioglu, G. (2010). Ilkogretimde okul-aile iletisim etkinlikleri: Ogretmen ve veli gorusleri [School-family communication activities in primary education: Teacher and parent views] (Unpublished master's thesis). Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
4. Bozkurt-Bostanci, A., & Yolcu, H. (2011). Ilkogretim okullari yoneticilerinin ogretmen performansini degerlendirmede etik ilkelere uyma duzeyleri [The compliance level of primary school administrators’ to ethical principles while evaluating the teachers’ performances]. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), 922-940.
5. Can, B. (2009). Parent participation in education program. Paper presented at the 8th national symposium on primary school teaching. Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
6. Carneiro, P. (2008). Equality of opportunity and educational achievement in Portugal. Portuguese Economic Journal, 7(1), 17-41.
7. Cotton, K., & Wikelund, K. R. (2001). Parent involvement in education: School improvement research series. Retrieved on December 13, 2018 from http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu6.html
8. Crites, C. V. (2008). Parent and community involvement: A case study (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Wilmington University, Deleware, USA.

9. Erden, M. (2005). Ogretmenlik Meslegine Giris [Introduction to Teaching Profession]. Istanbul, Turkey: Epsilon Publishing.
10. Haack, M. K. (2007). Parents’ and teachers’ beliefs about parental involvement in schooling (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
11. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Bassler, O. C., & Brissie, J. S. (2010). Explorations in parent-school relations. Journal of Educational Research, 85(5), 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1992.9941128
12. Epstein, J. L. (2010). School/family/community partnerships: Caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(3), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171009200326
13. Fantuzzo, J., Tighe, E., & Childs S. (2000). Family involvement questionnaire: A multivariate assessment of family participation in early childhood education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 367–376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.92.2.367
14. Grolnick, W. S., & Slowiaczek, M. L. (1994). Parents' involvement in children's schooling: a multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model. Child Development, 65(1), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131378
15. Keith, T. Z., Keith, P. B., Troutman, G. C., Bickley, P. G., et al. (1993). Does parental involvement affect eighth-grade student achievement? Structural analysis of national data. School Psychology Review, 22(3), 474-496.
16. Kotaman, H. (2008). Turk ana babalarinin cocuklarinin egitim ogretimlerine katilim duzeyleri [Participation levels of children of Turkish parents in education]. Uludag University Faculty of Education Journal, 21(1), 135-149.
17. Lawson, M. A. (2003). School-family relations in context: Parent and teacher perceptions of parent involvement. Urban Education, 38(1), 77-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085902238687
18. Leitch, M. L., & Tangri, S. S. (1988). Barriers to home-school collaboration. Educational Horizons , 66(2), 70-74.
19. MEB (Milli Egitim Bakanligi) [Ministry of Education] (2005). Ilkogretim 1–5 sinif programlari tanitim el kitabi [Handbook of classroom schedules presentation for primary education 1-5 classes]. Ankara, Turkey: State Books Directorate Printing House.
20. Manz, P. H., Fantuzzo, J. W. & Power, T. J. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of family involvement among urban elementary students. Journal of School Psychology, 42(6), 461-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2004.08.002
21. Senler, B., & Sungur, S. (2009). Parental influences on students’ self-concept, task value beliefs, and achievement in science. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12(1), 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600001529
22. Sliwka, A., & Istance, D. (2006). Parental and stakeholder ‘voice’ in schools and systems. European Journal of Education, 41(1), 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2006.00244.x
23. Sui-Chu, E. H., & Willms, J. D. (1996). Effects of parental involvement on eighth-grade achievement. Sociology of Education , 69(2), 126-141. https://doi.org/10.2307/2112802
24. Saban, C. (2011). Ilkogretim okullarinda velilerin egitime katilim duzeyleri ve tercih ettikleri katilim turleri [Parents' participation levels in primary schools and their preferred participation types]. (Unpublished master's thesis). Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
25. Sahin, T. F., & Unver, N. (2005). Okuloncesi egitim programlarina aile katilimi [Family participation in preschool education programs]. Kastamonu Education Journal, 13(1), 23-30.
26. Shaw, C. A. (2008). A study of the relationship of parental involvement to student achievement in a Pennsylvania career and technology center (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA.
27. Tumkaya, S. (2017). Velilerin okulda egitime katilim turlerinin bazi degiskenlere gore incelenmesi [Investigation of parents' participation types in education according to some variables]. Cukurova Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi [Cukurova University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences], 26(2), 83-98.
28. Unal, S., & Ada, S. (2007). Egitim bilimine giris [Introduction to educational science]. Ankara, Turkey: Nobel.
29. Sad, S. N., & Gurbuzturk, O. (2013). Participation levels of primary school students' parents' children’s education. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 1006-1011.
30. Yilmaz, M., & Benli, N. (2011). Ilkogretim I. kademede verilen performans gorevlerinin veli gorusleri acisindan degerlendirilmesi [Evaluation performance tasks given in the first level of elementary school in the aspects of parents’ views]. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 8(16), 287-302.
31. Zembat, R., & Polat-Unutkan, O. (1999). Okuloncesinde cocugun sosyal gelisiminde aile katiliminin onemi: Marmara Universitesi anaokulu ogretmeni el kitabi [The importance of family participation in social development of preschool children: Handbook of the Marmara University Preschool Teachers]. Istanbul, Turkey: Ya-pa.