Tekirdağ İlinde Toprak Analizine Dayalı Gübrelemenin ve Toprak Analizi Desteklemelerinin Ayçiçeği Üretimi ve Maliyeti Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma Tekirdağ ilinde ayçiçeği üretimi yapan, toprak analizi yaptıran ve destekten yararlanan işletmeler ile toprak analizi yaptırmayan işletmelerde yürütülmüştür. Toprak analizi ve toprak analizi desteklemelerinin ürün maliyetinde ve gelirde meydana getirdiği değişimler ortaya konmuştur. Tekirdağ ilinde toprak analiz sayısı en fazla olan laboratuvarlardan üç tanesi örnekleme dâhil edilmiş olup, 2015 yılında laboratuvarlara başvuran ve toprak analiz desteğinden yararlanan toplam 60 kişi ve benzer özelliklere sahip toprak analizi desteğinden yararlanmamış olan 40 üretici olmak üzere, toplam 100 üretici ile görüşülmüştür. İşletme giderleri bütçe analiz yöntemi, üretim giderleri alternatif maliyet unsuru yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Analiz yaptıran işletmelerde toplam 1,10 saat işgücü, 0,82 saat çeki gücü, analiz yaptırmayan işletmelerde toplam 1,25 saat işgücü, 0,93 saat çeki gücü kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Toprak analizi yaptıran ayçiçeği üreticilerinin toprak analizi yaptırmayan üreticilere göre %12,17 daha az azot, %5,26 daha fazla fosfor kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Toprak analizi yaptıran işletmeler, yaptırmayan işletmelere göre işgücü kullanımında %13.24, tohumda %2.18, gübrede %6.31, ilaçta %0.99 oranında daha az masraf yapmışlardır. Ortalama ayçiçeği verimi analiz yaptıran işletmelerde 238.12 kg/da, analiz yaptırmayan işletmelerde 224.25 kg/da, nispi kâr analiz yaptıran işletmelerde 1.08, analiz yaptırmayan işletmelerde 1.01 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Toprak analizi yaptıran ayçiçeği üreticilerinin toprak analizi yaptırmayan üreticilere göre verimde %6,19, brüt karda %25,08 artış elde ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Her iki üretim tarzında da ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliği kârlı olmakla birlikte, toprak analizi yaptıran işletmelerde ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliği daha kârlı görülmektedir. Toprak analizi yaptıran üretici grubunda karlılık oranının ve verim değerinin daha yüksek çıkmasında toprak analizi yaptırmanın ve gübre miktarını toprak analiz sonuçlarına göre uygulamanın önemi ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ayçiçeği
• gübreleme
• maliyet
• toprak analizi
• toprak analiz desteği

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TEPD/18/G/A08/P01/02

The Effect of Soil Analysis-Based Fertilization and Soil Analysis Subsidies on Sunflower Production and Cost in Tekirdağ Province

Öz

This study was carried out in sunflower production enterprises in Tekirdağ province, which had soil analysis and benefited from the subsidies, and enterprises that did not have soil analysis. Changes in product cost and income caused by soil analysis and soil analysis subsidies were revealed. Three of the laboratories with the highest number of soil analyses in Tekirdağ province were included in the sampling, and a total of 100 producers were interviewed, including 60 people who applied to the laboratories in 2015 and benefited from soil analysis subsidies and 40 producers with similar characteristics who did not benefit. Operating expenses were determined by the budget analysis method and production expenses were determined by the alternative cost method. It was determined that a total of 1.10 hours of labor force and 0.82 hours of machinery were used in the enterprises that had the analysis done, while a total of 1.25 hours of labor force and 0.93 hours of machinery were used in the enterprises that did not have. It was determined that sunflower producers who had soil analysis used 12.17% less nitrogen and 5.26% more phosphorus than the producers who did not have soil analysis. The enterprises that had soil analysis used 13.24% less labor, 2.18% less seed, 6.31% less fertilizer and 0.99% less pesticide than the enterprises that did not have soil analysis. The average sunflower yield was 238.12 kg da-1 in the enterprises that had the analysis and 224.25 kg da-1 in the enterprises that did not have the analysis, and the relative profit was calculated as 1.08 in the enterprises that had the analysis and 1.01 in the enterprises that did not have the analysis. It was determined that sunflower producers who had soil analysis obtained 6.19% increase in yield and 25.08% increase in gross profit compared to the producers who did not have soil analysis. Although sunflower cultivation was profitable in both production styles, sunflower cultivation was more profitable in the enterprises that had soil analysis. The importance of having a soil analysis and applying the amount of fertilizer according to the soil analysis results was revealed in the higher profitability rate and yield value in the producer group that had soil analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cost
• fertilizing
• soil analysis
• soil analysis subsidy
• sunflower

Destekleyen Kurum

TAGEM

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TEPD/18/G/A08/P01/02

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