Yerfıstığı Alerjisi ve İlgili Proteinler

Öz

Morfolojik olarak değişken olmasına rağmen kültürü yapılan yerfıstıklarının genetik tabanı çok dardır. Dünya çapında 300'den fazla ticari çeşidi yetiştirilmektedir. Yerfıstığı, besleyiciliği, tadı ve uygun fiyatı nedeniyle dünya çapında en çok tüketilen baklagillerden biridir. Yerfıstığı protein ve enerji açısından zengindir. Yerfıstığı çiğ, haşlanmış veya kavrulmuş olarak yenebilir ve çeşitli paketlenmiş gıdaların (fıstık ezmesi, şekerlemeler, şekerlemeler ve atıştırmalık ürünler) hazırlanmasında yaygın olarak ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde protein genişletici olarak kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde ek olarak, lezzetini değiştirmeden hayvan sütünü sulandırıcı olarak yerfıstığı sütü veya yerfıstığı proteini izolatlarının kullanılmasına, daha çekici fermente ürünler geliştirmeye ve “tofu” adı verilen bir lor elde etmek ve peynir analogları üretmek için sütten proteinleri çökeltmeyi de kapsar şekilde bir yönelim söz konusudur. Geçmiş yıllarda yerfıstığı yüksek yağ içeriği nedeniyle sağlıksız bir gıda olarak algılanıyordu ancak mevcut araştırma çalışmaları, yerfıstığının diyete dahil edilmesinin kalp hastalıklarının azalmasıyla ve kilo yönetiminin iyileştirilmesiyle bağlantılı olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak aflatoksin ve alerjenler yerfıstığında sağlık açısından önemli caydırıcı faktörlerdir ve aflatoksin ve alerjen içermeyen yerfıstığı geliştirmek için daha fazla araştırma çabasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yerfıstığı
• Arachis hypogaea
• alerji
• protein
• alerjen

Kaynakça

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