Y ve Z Kuşağının Dijital Finansal Okuyarlık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Finans sektörü, finansal teknoloji uygulamaları aracılığıyla ürün ve hizmetlerini dijital platformlar üzerinden sunmaktadır. Bu ürün ve hizmetleri hâlihazırda kullanan ya da kullanma potansiyeline sahip bireylerin, dijital finansal yeniliklere dair bilgi düzeylerinin yüksek olması, sektörün gelişimi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Y ve Z kuşağında yer alan bireylerin dijital finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerini incelemektir. Nicel araştırma yöntemine dayanan çalışmada, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle 387 kişiye çevrimiçi anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, katılımcıların dijital finansal araç kullanımında çoğunlukla FAST, mobil bankacılık ve internet bankacılığı gibi geleneksel bankacılık hizmetlerinin dijital uzantılarını tercih ettikleri görülürken, kripto para borsaları ve dijital altın cüzdanı gibi yenilikçi ve alternatif finansal araçların kullanımının sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların dijital finansal yeterlik algısının genel olarak orta düzeyde olduğu, dijital işlemlerde en çok ödeme ve alışveriş yapılırken sigorta ve kredi kartı başvurularının sınırlı kaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca analizler, dijital finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerinin bazı demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Cinsiyet açısından yalnızca dijital finansal ileri bilgi düzeyinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmuş ve erkeklerin daha yüksek bilgi düzeyine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Z ve Y kuşakları arasında dijital finansal okuryazarlık düzeyleri açısından anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmezken, yaş grupları arasında özellikle dijital finansal tutum boyutunda belirgin farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Y kuşağının ileri yaş grubundaki bireyleri (36–42 yaş), hem Z kuşağı bireylerine (18–22 yaş) hem de genç Y kuşağı bireylerine (28–35 yaş) kıyasla daha düşük dijital finansal tutum sergiledikleri görülmüştür. Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, dijital finansal temel bilgi ile risk kontrolü arasında pozitif bir ilişki saptanırken, dijital finansal tutumun ise tüm bilgi ve davranış boyutlarıyla negatif yönlü ilişkiler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgu, bilgi düzeyi arttıkça risk farkındalığının da arttığını, buna karşılık olumsuz dijital tutumların bireylerin bilgi edinme ve davranış geliştirme süreçlerini engelleyebileceğini göstermektedir. Literatürde dijital finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerinin kuşaklar özelinde farklılık gösterip göstermediğine ilişkin çalışmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma ile Y ve Z kuşaklarının mevcut dijital finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerinin ortaya konulması ve elde edilen bulguların finans sektörü uygulayıcılarına ve literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finans
• Finansal Okuryazarlık
• Dijital Finansal Okuryazarlık
• Finansal Teknoloji.

Examining the Digital Financial Literacy Levels of Generations Y and Z

Öz

The financial sector offers its products and services on digital platforms through financial technology applications. It is crucial for the development of the sector that individuals who currently use or have the potential to use these products and services have a high level of knowledge about digital financial innovations. The purpose of this study is to examine the digital financial literacy levels of individuals in Generations Y and Z. In the study based on quantitative research method, an online survey was applied to 387 people using convenience sampling method. The study found that participants mostly preferred digital extensions of traditional banking services such as FAST, mobile banking, and internet banking when using digital financial tools, while the use of innovative and alternative financial tools such as cryptocurrency exchanges and digital gold wallets was limited. It was observed that participants' perception of digital financial competence was generally moderate, with payments and shopping being the most common digital transactions, while insurance and credit card applications were limited. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that digital financial literacy levels varied according to some demographic variables. A significant difference was found only in the level of digital financial knowledge by gender, with males having higher levels of knowledge. While no significant difference was found in digital financial literacy levels between Generations Z and Y, significant differences emerged across age groups, particularly in the dimension of digital financial attitudes. Older Millennials (ages 36–42) were observed to have lower digital financial attitudes compared to both Generation Z (ages 18–22) and younger Generation Y (ages 28–35). Correlation analysis results indicated a positive relationship between digital financial basic knowledge and risk control, while digital financial attitudes were negatively correlated with all dimensions of knowledge and behavior. This finding suggests that as knowledge level increases, risk awareness also increases, while negative digital attitudes can hinder individuals' ability to acquire knowledge and develop behaviors. Limited studies in the literature examine whether digital financial literacy levels differ across generations. Therefore, it is expected that this study will reveal the current digital financial literacy levels of generations Y and Z and that the findings will contribute to financial sector practitioners and literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finance
• Financial Literacy
• Digital Financial Literacy
• Financial Technology.

Kaynakça

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