INVESTIGATION THE REMOVAL OF MALACHITE GREEN DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY USING SESAME SHELL

Öz

In this study, the removal of Malachite Green (MG) dye from the aqueous solution by the adsorption method onto Sesame Shell (SK) was investigated. The effects of solution pH, the initial concentration of the dye, adsorbent amount and contact time on the adsorption process were determined. The adsorption kinetic was modeled using first order and second (pseudo) order kinetic models. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied in this study. All of the experiments were carried at the room temperature (25°C) and at solution volume of 30 mL. The optimum results had been noticed at the following parameters pH 8, initial concentration of 20 mg/L, the adsorbent amount of 0,3 g and contact time was 40 minutes. The adsorption of MG onto SK was found to be more suitable for the second (pseudo) order kinetic model with correlation factor of R2= 0, 9998. The result was fitted with Langmuir isotherm (R2=0, 9997). The adsorbent capacity was determined to be 1,58 mg/g, the removal efficiency of MG onto SK was 93,45%. In this study, the SK was used as an adsorbent for MG removal and based upon the obtained results it is found to be an effective choice. On the other hand, it was concluded that the calorific value of 4122 Cal/g determined for the contaminated adsorbent was an attractive waste for incineration plants for the disposal of the contaminated adsorbent.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adsorption
• Sesame hell
• Malachite green
• Dye
• Adsorbent
• Agricultural waste

Kaynakça

1. [1] M. A. A. Z. S.H. Tang, Microporous activated carbon prepared from yarn processing sludge via composite chemical activation for excellent adsorptive removal of malachite green, ScienceDirect, 2021.
2. [2] A. S. Sartepe, A. M. Mandhare, V. V. Jadhav, P. R. Raut, M. A. Anuse and S. S. Kolekar, "Removal of Malachite green dye from aqueous solution with adsorption technique using Limonia acidissima (Wood apple) shell as low cost adsorbent," Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2013.
3. [3] G. Kaykıoğlu, "Kolemanit ve Üleksit Atığı ile Sulu Çözeltilerden Metilen Mavisi Giderimi: Kinetik ve İzoterm Değerlendirmesi," CBÜ Fen Bil. Dergi, pp. 499-509, 2016.
4. [4] J. Nath, S. Bag, D. Bera and L. Ray, "Biotreatment of malachite green from aqueous solution and simulated textile effluent by growing cells (batch mode) and activated sludge system," Groundwater for Sustainable Development, vol. 8, pp. 172-178, 2019.
5. [5] "Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi - Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği," [Online]. Available: https://mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=7.5.7221&MevzuatIliski=0. [Accessed 16 11 2019].
6. [6] S. Dawood and T. Sen, "Review on dye removal from its aqueous solution into alternative cost effective and non-conventional adsorbents," J. Chem. Process Eng., pp. 1-11, 2014.
7. [7] M. Gao, Z. Wang, C. Yang, J. Ning, Z. Zhou and G. Li, "Novel magnetic graphene oxide decorated with persimmon tannins for efficient adsorption of malachite green from aqueous solutions," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 566, pp. 48-57, 2019.
8. [8] "Electrospun reduced graphene oxide/TiO2/poly(acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid) composite nanofibers for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic removal of malachite green and leucomalachite green," [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519320016#sec1.

9. [9] F. Guo, X. Jiang, X. Li, X. Jia, S. Liang and L. Qian, "Synthesis of MgO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded activated carbon from biomass for high-efficient adsorption of malachite green," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 240, 2020.
10. [10] W. Qu, T. Yuan, G. Yin, S. Xu, Q. Zhang and H. Su, "Effect of properties of activated carbon on malachite green adsorption," Fuel, vol. 249, pp. 45-53, 2019.
11. [11] S. C. Wei, S. Fan, C. W. Lien, B. Unnikrishnan, Y. S. Wang, H. W. Chu, C. C. Huang, P. H. Hsu and H. T. Chang, "Graphene oxide membrane as an efficient extraction and ionization substrate for spray-mass spectrometric analysis of malachite green and its metabolite in fish samples," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 1003, pp. 42-48, 2018.
12. [12] C. Akmil-Başar, Y. Önal, T. Kılıçer and D. Eren, "Adsorptions of high concentration malachite green by two activated carbons having different porous structures," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 127, no. 1-3, pp. 73-80, 2005.
13. [13] E. Kuşvuran, O. Gülnaz, A. Samil and Ö. Yıldırım, "Decolorization of malachite green, decolorization kinetics and stoichiometry of ozone-malachite green and removal of antibacterial activity with ozonation processes," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 1, no. 186, pp. 133-143, 2015.
14. [14] X.-J. Zhou, W.-Q. Guo, S.-S. Yang, H.-S. Zheng and N.-Q. Ren, "Ultrasonic-assisted ozone oxidation process of triphenylmethane dye degradation: Evidence for the promotion effects of ultrasonic on malachite green decolorization and degradation mechanism," Bioresource Technology, vol. 128, pp. 827-830, 2013.
15. [15] L. Man, P. Kumar, T. Teng and K. Wasewar, "Design of Experiments for Malachite Green Dye Removal from Wastewater Using Thermolysis-Coagulation-Flocculation," Journal of Environmental Protection, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 260-271, 2012.
16. [16] L. Yong, G. Y. J. Zhanqi, H. Xiaobin, C. Sun, Y. L. W. Shaogui, W. Qingeng and F. Die, "Photodegradation of malachite green under simulated and natural irradiation: Kinetics, products, and pathways," Journal of Hazardous Materials, no. 285, pp. 127-136, 2015.
17. [17] "Brewers’ spent grain in adsorption of aqueous Congo Red and malachite Green dyes: Batch and continuous flow systems," [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389419308507#bib0005, .
18. [18] A. Eltaweil, H. Ali Mohammed, E. Abd El-Monaem and G. El-Subruiti, "Mesoporous magnetic biochar composite for enhanced adsorption of malachite green dye: Characterization, adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherms," Advanced Powder Technology, 2020.
19. [19] R. Bagheri, M. Ghaedi, A. Asfaram, E. A. Dil and H. Javadian, "RSM-CCD design of malachite green adsorption onto activated carbon with multimodal pore size distribution prepared from Amygdalus scoparia: Kinetic and isotherm studies," Polyhedron, vol. 171, pp. 464-472, 2019.
20. [20] M. Saleh, M. Yalvaç, H. Arslan and M. Gün, "Malachite Green Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Invader Centauera Solstitialis Plant and Optimization by Responce Surface Method: Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Study," European Journal of Science and Technology, no. 17, pp. 755-768, 2019.
21. [21] M. Saleh, M. Yalvaç and H. Arslan, "Optimization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R Adsorption onto Xanthium Italicum using the Response Surface Method," Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, vol. 5, no. 1, 2019.
22. [22] S. H. Tang and M. A. Ahmad Zaini, "Development of activated carbon pellets using a facile low-cost binder for effective malachite green dye removal," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 253, 2020.
23. [23] M. Bennet, "Sesame seed," THE NEW RURAL INDUSTRIES, [Online]. Available: https://www.agmrc.org/media/cms/sesame_38F4324EE52CB.pdf. [Accessed 15 03 2020].
24. [24] S. Kaya and T. Kahyaoğlu, "Influence of dehulling and roasting process on the thermodynamics of moisture adsorption in sesame seed," Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 139-147, 2006.
25. [25] R. Ram, D. Catlin, J. Romero and C. Cowley, "Sesame: New Approaches for Crop Improvement," [Online]. Available: https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/V1-225.html. [Accessed 15 03 2020].
26. [26] Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, "Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri, 2020," Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Sayı: 33737, Ankara, 2020.
27. [27] E. Öztürk and G. Ova, "Yağlı Tohum Kabuklarının Biyoaktif Bileşen Potansiyeli ve Gıdalarda Kullanımı," Akademik Gıda Dergisi, Ege Üniversitesi, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 315-321, 2017.
28. [28] A. Seçer, "Türkiye’de Susam Üretim ve Dış Ticaretinde Gelişmeler," Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 31, pp. 27-36, 2016.
29. [29] A. S. Eltaweil, H. A. Mohammed, E. M. A. El-Monaem and G. M. El-Subruiti, "Mesoporous magnetic biochar composite for enhanced adsorption of malachite green dye: Characterization, adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherms," Advenced Powder Technology, 2020.
30. [30] A. Yıldırım and Y. Bulut, "Adsorption behaviors of malachite green by using crosslinked chitosan/ polyacrylic acid/ bentonite composites with different ratios," Environmental Technology & Innovation, vol. 17, 2020.
31. [31] S. Savcı, M. Yalvaç and Z. Karaman, "Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue R from Aquatic Solution Using Natural Adsorbent (Pistachio hull)," Ecological Life Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 103-113, 2018.
32. [32] T. K. Arumugam, P. Krishnanmoorthy, N. R. Rajagopalan, S. Nanthini and D. Vasudevan, "Removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions using a modified chitosan composite," International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 128, pp. 655-664, 2019.
33. [33] T. Büyüksırıt and H. Kuleaşan, "Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi (FTIR) Spektroskopisi ve Gıda Analizlerinde Kullanımı," Hitit Üniversitesi Gıda Dergisi (GIDA),, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 235-241, 2014.
34. [34] T. Murthy, B. Gowrishankar, M. Parabha, M. Kruthi and R. Krishna, "Studies on Batch Adsorptive Removal of Malachite Green from Synthetic Wastewater Using Acid Treated Coffee Husk: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies," Microchemical Journal, vol. 146, pp. 192-201, 2019.
35. [35] G. Gökara, "İğde Çekirdeğinden Elde Edilen Aktif Karbon Üzerinde Tekstil Boyar Maddelerinin Adsorpsiyonu," Trakya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizikokimya Anabilim Dalı, Edirne, 2013.
36. [36] D. Singh, V. Sowmya, S. Abinandan and S. Shanthakumar, "Removal of Malachite Green Dye by Mangifera İndica Seed Kernel Powder," Journal Institution of Engineers, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 103-111, 2018.
37. [37] A. Tabrez, R. Rumana, A. Imran, E. A.K. and A. Amer, "Removal of Malachite Green From Aqueous Solution Using Waste Pea Shells as Low-Cost Adsorbent – Adsorption İsotherms and Dynamics," Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 569-578, 2014.
38. [38] M. K. Dahri, M. R. Kooh and L. B. Lim, " Water remediation using low cost adsorbent walnut shell for removal of malachite green: Equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamic and regeneration studies," Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 1434-1444, 2014.
39. [39] Gebresas, Alula; Asmelash, Haftom; Berhe, Hadush; Tesfay, Tsegay;, "Briquetting of Charcoal from Sesame Stalk," Journal of Energy, vol. 2015, no. 757284, p. 6, 2015.