On The Meaning and Context of Green Workplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis

Öz

The social, environmental, and economic transformation within contemporary sustainable development goals necessitates the redefinition of the existing notion of the work environment as a green workplace. The notion of a green workplace is prevalent in the literature, signifying the resolution of environmental issues. Nonetheless, the interpretation of green thinking and its implementations may vary. This situation suggests that organizational change and transformation are based on human factors, warranting an examination of business and management literature and the significant roles organizations play in change. To elucidate the overall appearance and evolution of the concept, data was taken from the Web of Science database, and a bibliometric analysis was conducted using the R program. The analysis of the green workplace concept across several disciplines may complicate the tracking of the field's current position, its deficiencies, and its progression. The bibliometric analysis facilitated the classification of existing knowledge, enabling a systematic examination of the management literature. This study seeks to elucidate the context of green thinking and its correlation with sustainability, offering a comprehensive perspective to researchers and practitioners in management through data visualization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Green Workplace
• Green Jobs
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Green Human Resources Management

“Yeşil İşyeri” Kavramının Anlamı ve Bağlamı Üzerine: Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz

Öz

Günümüzün sürdürülebilirlik kalkınma hedefleri ve bağlamında yer alan sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik dönüşüm, mevcut çalışma ortamı kavramının yeşil işyeri olarak yeniden şekillendirme ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Yeşil işyeri kavramı literatürde oldukça ön plana çıkmakla birlikte, anlamı itibariyle çevresel sorunların üstesinden gelmeyi çağrıştırmaktadır. Ancak, yeşil düşüncenin anlamı ve yeşilin uygulamaları farklılaşabilmektedir. Bu durumda, örgütsel düzeydeki değişim ve dönüşümün insan merkezli olduğu düşüncesiyle işletme ve yönetim literatürü ve örgütlerin değişimdeki önem arz eden rolleri incelenmeye değer bulunmaktadır. Kavramın genel görünümü ve evrimini daha net ortaya koymak adına Web of Science veri tabanın veri çekilerek R programında bibliyometrik analiz yapılmıştır. Yeşil işyeri kavramının farklı disiplinlerde incelenmesi durumu alanın mevcut durumunu, boşluklarını ve evrimini takip etmede zorluklar yaratabilmektedir. Bibliyometrik analiz ile mevcut bilgi sınıflandırılmış ve yönetim literatüründeki bilgi birikimini sistematik bir biçimde analiz edebilmek mümkün olmuştur. Bu çalışma, yeşil düşünce bağlamında ve sürdürülebilirlik ile ilişkisini ortaya koymayı ve elde edilen verileri görselleştirerek yönetim alanındaki araştırmacı ve uygulayıcılara bütüncül bir bakış açısı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeşil İşyeri
• Yeşil İşler
• Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk
• Yeşil İnsan Kaynakları Yöentimi
• Sürdürülebilirlik.

Kaynakça

1. Ahmed, M., Zehou, S., Raza, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2020). Impact of CSR and environmental triggers on employee green behavior: The mediating effect of employee well‐being. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(5), 2225-2239.
2. Aguilera, R. V., Rupp, D. E., Williams, C. A., & Ganapathi, J. (2007). Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multilevel theory of social change in organizations. Academy of management review, 32(3), 836-863.
3. Aguinis, H., & Glavas, A. (2012). What we know and don’t know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of management, 38(4), 932-968.
4. Ala-Laurinaho, A., Moilanen, F., Turunen, J. & Alasoini, T. (2023). Climate change and work - Survey data collection for employees. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, www.worklifedata.fi. Erişim tarihi: 07/05/2025. https://www.worklifedata.fi/en/data/climate-change-and-work-survey-data-collection-for-employees
5. Altman, E. J., Kiron, D., Jones, R., & Schwartz, J. (2022). Orchestrating workforce ecosystems: Strategically managing work across and beyond organizational boundaries. MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte.
6. Amrutha, V. N., & Geetha, S. N. (2020). A systematic review on green human resource management: Implications for social sustainability. Journal of Cleaner production, 247, 119131.
7. Andresen, S. (1996). Implementation of international environmental commitments: the case of the Northern Seas. Science of the Total Environment, 186(1–2), 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(96)05095-4
8. Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975.

9. Bansal, P., & Roth, K. (2000). Why companies go green: A model of ecological responsiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 717-736.
10. Baxter, B. (1999). Ecologism. An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
11. Baykal, E., & Bayraktar, O. (2022). Green human resources management: A novel tool to boost work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 951963.
12. Birleşmiş Milletler (2015). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2025, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf
13. Bowen, A., Kuralbayeva, K., & Tipoe, E. L. (2018). Characterising green employment: The impacts of ‘greening’on workforce composition. Energy Economics, 72, 263-275.
14. Burki, U., & Dahlstrom, R. (2017). Mediating effects of green innovations on interfirm cooperation. Australasian Marketing Journal, 25(2), 149-156.
15. Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & society, 38(3), 268-295.
16. Chen, H., Mi, L., Xu, T., Wang, X., & Qiao, L. (2024). Whether and how role stressors trigger employee non-green behaviors? The mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 1-25.
17. Chen, J., & Zhang, A. (2024). Greening the cubicle: unraveling the impact of corporate environmental ethics on employees’ green innovative behavior through the affective events theory. Current Psychology, 43(31), 25820 25835.
18. Chen, P. C., & Hung, S. W. (2014). Collaborative green innovation in emerging countries: a social capital perspective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 34(3), 347-363.
19. Cheng, Y., Masukujjaman, M., Sobhani, F. A., Hamayun, M., & Alam, S. S. (2023). Green logistics, green human capital, and circular economy: the mediating role of sustainable production. Sustainability, 15(2), 1045.
20. Clapp, J., & Dauvergne, P. (2011). Paths to a green world: The political economy of the global environment. MIT press.
21. Cop, S., Alola, U. V., & Alola, A. A. (2020). Perceived behavioral control as a mediator of hotels' green training, environmental commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior: A sustainable environmental practice. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(8), 3495-3508.
22. Crook, C. (2005) ‘The Good Company’, Economist (22 Ocak): 3–4.
23. Dobson, A. (2000). Green Political Thought. Third Edition. London: Routledge.
24. Dumont, J., Shen, J., & Deng, X. (2017). Effects of green HRM practices on employee workplace green behavior: The role of psychological green climate and employee green values. Human resource management, 56(4), 613-627.
25. EC (2011). A renewed EU strategy 2011-14 for Corporate Social Responsibility, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0681
26. EU-OSHA (2023). Health and safety of workers in green jobs – OSHwiki. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (europa.eu). https:// oshwiki.osha.europa.eu/ en/themes/health-and-safety-workers-green-jobs
27. Gatti, L., Seele, P., Rademacher, L. (2019). Grey zone in – greenwash out. A review of greenwashing research and implications for the voluntary-mandatory transition of CSR. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility 4, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-019-0044-9
28. Hasan, A., Zhang, X., Mao, D., Kashif, M., Mirza, F., & Shabbir, R. (2024). Unraveling the impact of eco-centric leadership and pro-environment behaviors in healthcare organizations: Role of green consciousness. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 139704.
29. Huang, Y. C., Gong, T. J., & Shih, L. T. (2024). Examining the impact of green human resource management on green innovative work behavior: A multilevel analysis. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(6), 6401-6418.
30. Iddagoda, A., Hysa, E., Bulińska-Stangrecka, H., & Manta, O. (2021). Green work-life balance and greenwashing the construct of work-life balance: Myth and reality. Energies, 14(15), 4556.
31. Jerónimo, H. M., Tigre, F. B., Henriques, P. L., & Lourenço, M. C. (2025). Green work-life synergy? Exploring pathways from green HRM to organizational environmental performance. Review of Managerial Science, 1-29.
32. Jones, V. (2008). The Green Collar Economy. How One Solution Can fix Our Two Biggest Problems. New York: HarperOne.
33. Joshi, A., Kataria, A., Rastogi, M., Beutell, N. J., Ahmad, S., & Yusliza, M. Y. (2023). Green human resource management in the context of organizational sustainability: A systematic review and research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 430, 139713.
34. Kallio, T. J. (2007). Taboos in corporate social responsibility discourse. Journal of Business Ethics, 74, 165-175.
35. Karakhan, A. A., Nnaji, C. A., Gambatese, J. A., & Simmons, D. R. (2023). Best practice strategies for workforce development and sustainability in construction. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 28(1), 04022058.
36. Kilbourne, W. E. (1995). Green advertising: salvation or oxymoron?. Journal of Advertising, 24(2), 7-20.
37. Kim, A., Kim, Y., Han, K., Jackson, S. E., & Ployhart, R. E. (2017). Multilevel influences on voluntary workplace green behavior: Individual differences, leader behavior, and coworker advocacy. Journal of management, 43(5), 1335-1358.
38. Leenders, M. A., & Chandra, Y. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of green innovation in the wine industry: The role of channel structure. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 25(2), 203-218.
39. Li, D., Zheng, M., Cao, C., Chen, X., Ren, S., & Huang, M. (2017). The impact of legitimacy pressure and corporate profitability on green innovation: Evidence from China top 100. Journal of cleaner production, 141, 41-49.
40. Llewellyn, A. B., Hendrix, J. P., and Golden, K. C. (2008). Green Jobs: a guide to eco-friendly employment. Avon, Mass.: Adams Media Corp.
41. Loureiro, S. M., Sardinha, I. M. D., & Reijnders, L. (2012). The effect of corporate social responsibility on consumer satisfaction and perceived value: the case of the automobile industry sector in Portugal. Journal of cleaner production, 37, 172-178.
42. Manoj, G., Jenefa, L., Sarah, S., Velmurugan, T., & Çapraz, K. (2022). Impact of Green HRM on Work-Life Balance of Employees in Automobile Industry: An Empirical Investigation. Calitatea, 23(191), 129-136.
43. Muster, V., & Schrader, U. (2011). Green Work-Life Balance: A New Perspective for Green HRM. Zeitschrift Für Personalforschung / German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, 25(2), 140–156. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23279430
44. Norton, T. A., Zacher, H., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2014). Organisational sustainability policies and employee green behaviour: The mediating role of work climate perceptions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 49-54.
45. Norton, T. A., Zacher, H., Parker, S. L., and Ashkanasy, N. M. (2017) Bridging the gap between green behavioral intentions and employee green behavior: The role of green psychological climate. J. Organiz. Behav., 38: 996–1015. doi: 10.1002/job.2178.
46. OECD (2018). Beyond GDP. Measuring what counts for economic and social performance. Published on November 27, 2018. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/beyond-gdp_9789264307292-en.html
47. Ones, D. S., & Dilchert, S. (2012). Environmental sustainability at work: A call to action. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(4), 444-466.
48. Öztürk, O., Kocaman, R., & Kanbach, D. K. (2024). How to design bibliometric research: an overview and a framework proposal. Review of Managerial Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-024-00738-0
49. Pătraș, L., Villajos, E., Soriano, A., & Djourova, N. P. (2025). The Green Happy Productive Worker: Environmental Satisfaction as Mediator Between Green Human Resources Practices and Green Extra‐Role Behaviors in Social Economy Organizations. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management.
50. Raikkonen, T. (2011). The greening of work: How green is green enough?. Old site of Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 1(1), 117-133.
51. Rayner, J. and Morgan, D. (2018). An empirical study of ‘green’ workplace behaviours: ability, motivation and opportunity. Asia Pac J Hum Resour, 56: 56-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12151
52. REBA (2025). Reward and Employee Benefits Association. Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2025 https://reba.global/topic/strategy-policy/responsible-reward-esg.htmlJon
53. Renner, M., Sweeney, S., and Kubit, J. (2008). Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World. New York: UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC.
54. Renwick, D. W., Redman, T., & Maguire, S. (2013). Green human resource management: A review and research agenda. International journal of management reviews, 15(1), 1-14.
55. Roszak, T. (1979). Person/Planet. The Creative Disintegration of Industrial Society. London: Victor Gollancz.
56. Rubel, M. R. B., Kee, D. M. H., & Rimi, N. N. (2021). Green human resource management and supervisor pro-environmental behavior: The role of green work climate perceptions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 313, 127669.
57. Sabokro, M., Masud, M. M., & Kayedian, A. (2021). The effect of green human resources management on corporate social responsibility, green psychological climate and employees’ green behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 313, 127963.
58. Saeed, B. B., Afsar, B., Hafeez, S., Khan, I., Tahir, M., & Afridi, M. A. (2019). Promoting employee's proenvironmental behavior through green human resource management practices. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(2), 424-438.
59. Sharma, P. (2020). A trend of CSR expenditure towards sustainable development and issue related to CSR implementations of reported companies in India. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 16(4), 3-21.
60. Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104, 333-339.
61. Suri, F. K., & Banerji, A. (2016). Super generics—First step of Indian pharmaceutical industry in the innovative space in US Market. Journal of Health Management, 18(1), 161-171.
62. Takalo, S. K., & Tooranloo, H. S. (2021). Green innovation: A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 122474.
63. Teperi, A. M., Lyytimäki, J., Heikkilä, T., Malve-Ahlroth, S., Mervaala, E., Ratinen, I., & Thatcher, A. (2025). What does it take to make a workplace just and green?: Systemic human factors approach. European Journal of Workplace Innovation, 9(1 & 2), 163-191.
64. Tian, H., Zhang, J., & Li, J. (2020). The relationship between pro-environmental attitude and employee green behavior: the role of motivational states and green work climate perceptions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(7), 7341-7352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07393-z
65. Todaro, D. L., & Torelli, R. (2024). From greenwashing to ESG-washing: A focus on the circular economy field. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(5), 4034–4046. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2786
66. Tran, N. K. H. (2023). An empirical investigation on the impact of green human resources management and green leadership on green work engagement. Heliyon, 9(11).
67. UNEP (2008). Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World, UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC, September 2008. Full report. International Labour Organization. https://sdgs.un.org/publications/green-jobs-towards-decent-work-sustainable-low-carbon-world-17491
68. Yang, D., Law, K. S., & Tang, G. (2025). To Be or Not to Be Green? The Double‐Edged Sword of Pro‐Environmental Pressure in the Workplace. Human Resource Management.
69. Yong, J. Y., Yusliza, M. Y., Jabbour, C. J. C., & Ahmad, N. H. (2020). Exploratory cases on the interplay between green human resource management and advanced green manufacturing in light of the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity theory. Journal of Management Development, 39(1), 31-49.
70. Yuan, Y., Ren, S., Tang, G., Ji, H., Cooke, F. L., & Wang, Z. (2024). How green human resource management affects employee voluntary workplace green behaviour: An integrated model. Human Resource Management Journal, 34(1), 91-121.
71. Zhu, Q., Feng, Y., & Choi, S. B. (2017). The role of customer relational governance in environmental and economic performance improvement through green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 155, 46-53.