SİYAH EKONOMİK GÜÇLENDİRMENİN YAPISAL ENGELLEYİCİLERİ VE YENİDEN TASARLANMASI: GÜNEY AFRİKA ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

1994 sonrası dönemde yeni demokratik hükümetin ekonomik düzenini değiştirmeye yönelik bir girişimi olarak, Siyah Ekonomik Güçlendirme (BEE), Güney Afrika'da Apartheid rejimi tarafından marjinalleştirilenleri içeren bir strateji olarak kabul edildi. Bununla birlikte, BEE stratejisi için yapılan değerlendirmeler demokratik dönemin üçüncü on yılında stratejinin makro-ekonomik sonuçlarının hala sahip olması gereken sosyo-ekonomik etkiyi yaratmadığını göstermektedir.

Mevcut araştırmalar, BEE'nin daha doğru ve elverişli bir anlayışa kavuşması ve bunun ilk vizyonunu yerine getirmesi için stratejinin ciddi bir yeniden kavramlaştırılmaya ve formüle edilmeye ihtiyaç duyduğunu göstermektedir. Strateji yapısal bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirildiğinde, ekonomik yapının, küreselleşmenin, idari zayıflıkların ve yönetim kalitesinin yanı sıra, hedeflenen nüfusun yetersizliğinin, Güney Afrika'nın güçlendirme stratejisinin performansını etkileyen sosyo-ekonomik unsurlar oldukları görülmektedir.

Bu makale, literatür taraması yoluyla güçlendirme stratejisinin Güney Afrika’nın geçmiş uygulamalarla dezavantajlı bırakılan toplum kesimlerini  geliştirmedeki rolünü değerlendirmektedir. Makale ayrıca, mevcut BEE stratejisini desteklemek üzere politika önerileri geliştirmek için kurumsal faktörlerin stratejiye etkilerini bütünsel bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• siyah ekonomik güçlendirme,güney afrika,kurumsalcı yaklaşım

INSTITUTIONAL HANDICAPS OF BLACK ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT AND ITS RECONCEPTUALISATION: THE CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Öz

As an initiative to transform the economic order of the new democratic government post-1994, Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) was adopted as a strategy to include those who were marginalised by apartheid, in South Africa.   However, an evaluation of the BEE strategy indicates that macro-economic implications of the strategy are still not making the socio-economic impact it ought to have had in the third decade into democracy.

Current research indicates that a serious   reconceptualization and reformulation of the streategy is required in order to reach a more accurate and favorable understanding of BEE, and for it to deliver on its initial vision. When the strategy is evaluated from an institutional perspective, it is noted that economic structure, globalisation, administrative weaknesses and quality of management, as well as inadequacies of targeted population are regarded as contributors towards South Africa’s socio-economic landscape which affect the performance of BEE strategy.

This article uses a literature review that evaluates role of the BEE strategy in improving the lot of South Africa’s previously disadvantaged communities.  Furthermore, the article aims to analyze the effects of institutional factors on the strategy in a holistic way in order to develop policy recommendations to supplement the current BEE strategy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Black economic empowerment,BEE,South Africa,Institutional Theory

Kaynakça

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