İNGİLİZ DİLİ EĞİTİMİNDE AKILCI KURAMIN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 49 - 62, 25.02.2020

Ali Karakaş

Öz

Dil edinim, öğrenim ve öğretim süreçleri ile ilgili olarak şu ana kadar birçok kuram geliştirilmiştir. Bu kuramların dil edinimi ve öğrenimi sürecine bakış açıları odaklandıkları etkenler açısından birbirinden farklılık göstermektedir. Öğrenme sürecini ele alırken kimi kuramlar çevresel faktörlere ağırlık verirken kimileri ise dışsal ve çevresel faktörlere ağırlık vermiş ve öğrenme sürecini bu faktörlerin ışığında açıklamaya çalışmışlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ikinci dil edinimi sürecinde ve özellikle İngiliz dili eğitiminde başlıca kuramlardan olan akılcı kuramın temel prensiplerini incelemek ve dil edinimi ve öğrenimi süreçlerine olan katkılarını incelemektir. Çalışma öncelikle akılcı kuramın arka planını irdelemekte, akılcı kuramın rakip kuramı olarak görülen deneyimcilik ile karşılaştırmaktadır. Daha sonra, çalışma akılcı ve deneyimcilik kuramıyla ilgili çeşitli teorileri açıklamış ve akılcılık kuramına yöneltilen eleştirileri, kuramın hem artılarını hem de eksilerini göz önünde bulundurarak analiz etmiştir. Son olarak akılcılık kuramının ve ona bağlı ilgili dil öğretimiyle yakından alakalı teorilerin İngiliz dili eğitimine vermiş oldukları katkılar dile getirilmiştir. Çalışmada her iki kuramın da aslında birbirinin rakibi değil tamamlayıcı olduğu ve tek taraflı bir yaklaşımın dil edinim ve öğrenim sürecini yeterli olarak açıklayamayacağı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dil edinimi, İngiliz dili eğitimi, akılcılık kuramı, deneyimcilik kuramı, davranışsal kuram

An Analysis of Rationalism in English Language Teaching

Öz

Several theories have been formulated so far regarding language
acquisition, learning and teaching processes. The standpoints of these theories
on language acquisition and learning process differ from each other in terms of
the factors they focus on. Some theories focused on inner factors while others
focused on external and environmental factors and tried to explain the learning
process in light of these factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the
basic principles of rationalist theory which is one of the main theories in the
second language acquisition process and especially in English language
education and to examine its contribution to the processes of language
acquisition and learning. The study first examines the background of rationalist
theory and compares it with empiricism, which is seen as a rival theory of
rationalist theory. Then, the study explains various theories related to
rationalist and empiricist theory and scrutinises the criticisms directed to the
rationalist theory by considering both the strengths and weaknesses of the
theory. Finally, the contributions of the rationalist theory and related
theories to language teaching and English language education are reviewed. In
the study, it was concluded that both theories were complementary rather than
competing with each other and that a one-sided approach could not adequately
explain the language acquisition and learning process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Language acquisition, English language teaching, rationalist theory, empiricism, behaviourist theory.

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