Sudan'ın Kuzey Kordofan Eyaleti'nde Çevresel Faktörlerin Sudan Çöl Keçisi Yavrularının Doğum Ağırlığı, Sütten Kesim ve Ölüm Oranlarına Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 10, 30.09.2022

Ibrahim Elimam Hind Salih I. Bushara

Öz

Bu deney, Kuzey Kordofan eyaleti Sudan'daki yerli çöl keçisi yavrularının doğum, doğum sayısı ve büyüme oranlarına mevsimin etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Toplam otuz yedi yavru, doğum mevsimine göre (yağmurlu ve kurak mevsimler) iki gruba ayrılarak, yavrular doğal otlatmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuçlar, yavrulama mevsiminin ve parite sayısının yavru doğum ağırlığı, büyüme performansı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığını ve yağışlı mevsimde doğan oğlakların, kurak mevsimde doğanlara göre (2.12±0.08 kg) en yüksek doğum ağırlığını (2.07±0.11 kg) sağladığını göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, doğum tipi boyutunun oğlakların doğum ağırlığı üzerinde anlamlı (P≤0.05) bir etki yaptığını göstermiştir. Tek doğan oğlaklar doğumda (2,31±0,10) ikiz doğanlardan (1,96±0,12 kg) daha ağırdı. Oğlakların cinsiyetinin doğum ağırlığı üzerinde oldukça anlamlı (P≤0.01) etkisi olduğu ve erkek oğlakların dişilere göre daha kilolu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğum tipi ve oğlakların cinsiyeti, oğlaklarının büyüme performansını sütten kesme dönemine kadar etkilemezken, ikiz ve dişi oğlakların ikiz ve dişi oğlaklar için sırasıyla (4.06, 6.52 ve 9.01 kg ve 3.96, 6.37 ve 8.53 kg) en hafif vücut ağırlığı artışı gösterdiği görülmüştür. Sonuçlara göre doğum mevsimi; parite sayısı ve doğum tipi, 90 günlük yaşta sütten kesme ağırlığı ve günlük kazancı etkilememiştir. Yavruların cinsiyeti, sütten kesme ağırlığını önemli ölçüde etkilerken (P≤0.05), erkek oğlaklar (9.19 kg), dişilere göre (8.53 kg) olarak kaydedildi. İki doğum mevsimi (yağmurlu ve serin kurak mevsim), parite sırası,
sütten kesim öncesi mortalite üzerinde anlamlı bir etki göstermedi. İkiz doğan oğlaklar, tek doğan oğlaklarla (%5) karşılaştırıldığında %22 ile yüksek bir oran (P≤0.05) göstermiştir. Ayrıca oğlakların cinsiyeti (P≤0.05) ölüm oranını önemli ölçüde etkiledi. Burada dişi oranı erkek oranına (%9) kıyasla %18 oranıyla daha yüksektir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada en önemli varyasyon kaynağı doğum mevsimi olmuş ve çevresel faktörlerin keçilerinde canlı ağırlık ve büyüme oranları üzerine olumlu etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Keçi, çöl, oğlaklar, doğum mevsimi, parite sırası, büyüme oranı, Sudan

The Influence of Environmental Factors on Sudanese Desert Goat Kids' Birth Weight, Weaning and Mortality in the Province of North Kordofán, Sudan

Öz

The recent experience was aimed to evaluate the effect season on birth, parity and growth performance on of Sudanese desert goat kids' in Northern Kordofán province Sudan. Thirty seven (37) kids of desert goats which were divided in (2) flocks according to the birth season (rainy and dry seasons). Kids were subjected to natural grazing. The results indicated that the season of kidding and parity number seemed to had no significant influence on kids' birth weight, growth performance and kids born during autumn time secured highest birth weight (2.12±0.08 kg) compared with kids born during the dry time (2.07±0.11 kg). The results showed that the birth type girth significant (P<0.05) effect on kids' birth weight; single born kids were heavier at birth (2.31±0.10) than twin born kids (1.96±0.12 kg). The gender of kids has highly significant (P≤0.01) influence on birth weight; male kids' were heavier than the female kids'. Type of birth and gender of kids' were not statistically significant affect growth performance of desert kids to weaning period, where Twin and female kids showed lightest body weight growth (4.06, 6.52 and 9.01kg and 3.96, 6.37 and 8.53 kg) respectively for twin and female kid. The findings stated that time of birth; parity number & birth type were not affected weaning weight and daily gain at 90 days of age. Gender of kids' was exerted significant (P<0.05) effected weaning weight, where male kids recorded (9.19 kg) compared to their counterparty female (8.53 kg). The two seasons of birth (rainy & cool, dry season), parity order did no exerted any significant effect on the pre weaning mortality. Twin born kids showed a high rate (P<0.05) of morality with 22% as compared with kids' born as single (5%). Also gender of kids significantly (P<0.05) effects mortality rate, where female had higher rate 18% as compared with male 9%. In conclusion, season of birth was the supreme important exporter of the variation in this treatment. As a result, in this study, the most important source of variation was the birth season and it was determined that environmental factors had a positive effect on live weight and growth rates in goats.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Goat, desert, kids, season of birth, parity order, growth rate, Sudan

Kaynakça

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