Bal Arılarında Nosema Hastalığının En Önemli Etiyolojik Ajanı: Nosema ceranae

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 24 - 39, 31.03.2023

Mehmet Nuri Açık

Öz

Mikrosporidia’lar, arılar da dâhil olmak üzere birçok omurgalı ve omurgasız hayvanı enfekte eden zorunlu hücre içi mantar grubudur. Nosema ceranae ve Nosema apis bal arılarını enfekte ederek Nosema hastalığına neden olan en yaygın iki Mikrosporidia türüdür. Her iki Nosema türü de bal arılarının bağırsaklarını enfekte etse de, morfolojik ve genetik özellikler bakımından farklılık gösterirler ve doğal ortamlarda farklı epidemiyolojik, klinik ve patolojik etkiler gösterirler. Şuanda N. ceranae bütün dünyada Nosema hastalığının en önemli ve en yaygın etiyolojik ajanıdır. Bu etken, arıların hareket yeteneklerinin kaybına, kovandaki bal veriminin azalmasına, arıların yaşam sürelerinin kısalmasına, hasta arıların yavru yetiştirme yeteneğinin azalmasına, işçi arıların ömür uzunluğu kısaldığından kış kayıplarının artmasına, ağır şekilde hasta olan ana arının yumurtlama hızının azalmasına hatta birkaç hafta içinde ölmesine neden olabilmektedir. Arıcılıkta büyük ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Nosema hastalığının primer etkeni olan N. ceranae ile ilgili güncel verilerin ortaya konması, bu patojen ile etkili mücadele ve kontrol stratejilerinin planlanması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nosema ceranae, Bal arısı, Nosema hastalığı

Kaynakça

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