Transavrasya Dillerinin Tarımsal Yayılma Nirengi Desteklemesi

Öz

Transavrasya Dillerinin konuşurlarının köken ve ilk yayılma alanları –bunlar Japon, Kore, Tunguz, Moğol ve Türk- Avrasya halk tarihinin en çok tartışılan sorunları arasındadır 1-3. Tarıma dayalı genleşmeler ve nüfusun hareketliliği ile dilbilimsel dağılış arasındaki ilişki bu tartışılan sorunun anahtarıdır4-5. Bu sorun, genetik bilimi, arkeoloji ve dil bilimin ortak bir bakış açısıyla tarafımızca irdelendi. Transeurasian tarım doğasının ve temel söz varlığının ayrıntılı olarak kapsadığı bu disiplinlerin geniş içerikli veri kümelerini rapor ettik; Kuzeydoğu Asya’nın 255 Neolitik-Bronz öncesi merkezlerinin arkeolojik veritabanı; ve Kore’nin ilk genomlarının koleksiyonu, Ryukyu adalarının ve Japon çiftçilerin en eski tahılı, Doğu Asya’nın önceden yayımlanmış genomlarının tamamlayıcısını bulmak. Pastoralist hipotezlerin 6-8 geleneksel zorluğu, Transavrasya dillerinin ortak atalarının ve en eski dağılışlarının, eski Neolitik dönemden itibaren Kuzeydoğu Asya’dan karşıya hareket eden ilk çiftçinin geriye doğru izini sürebilmektir, fakat Bronz öncesinden itibaren bu geniş yaygın kültürel ilişki ortak mirasçılarca gizlenmiştir. Üç fahri disiplin hızlı ve önemli ölçüde gelişim göstermekle birlikte, disiplinlerin birleştirilen bu kanıtları ilk yayılmanın Transeurasiankonuşurlarının tarım işleri olduğunu bize gösteriyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türkçe
• Japonca
• Korece
• Moğolca
• Arkeoloji
• Dilbilimi
• Transavrasya

Triangulation Supports Agricultural Spread Of The Transeurasian Languages

Öz

The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages—that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic—is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history1–3. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements4,5. Here we address this question by ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including a comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary; an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic–Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia; and a collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional ‘pastoralist hypothesis’6–8, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking considerable progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkic
• Japonic
• Koreanic
• Mongolic
• archeology
• Linguistics
• Transeuarisan

Kaynakça

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