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Religion and religious communities in Khorezm (10-11th centuries)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 24, 275 - 291, 30.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.59304/ijhe.1660384

Öz

Khorezm is a crucial region in the history of Central Asia, particularly during the early Middle Ages. The activities of the dynasties that ruled this area are significant for understanding the history of the entire East. During this period, the peoples of Central Asia, who were experiencing Islamization, developed a new culture influenced by the Turkic tribes from the north. This emerging culture later contributed to the development of the entire Middle East and the Turkic states. From the beginning of the 9th century, the Turkic Oghuz tribes located in northern Central Asia began to penetrate the southern regions of the Aral Sea and the Amu Darya delta for trade and sometimes military reasons. During this period, representatives of several religious views and groups, besides Islam, lived in the territory of the Afrighids and Mamunids states. This article analyzes the religious and spiritual image of the historical Khorezm region in the 10th-11th centuries, the attitude towards the various religions in this region, and their interaction based on sources. In particular, information is provided about the arrival of Islam in the Khorezm oasis, its spread in the 10th-11th centuries, and its impact on cultural life. In addition, the article provides information about the religions that coexist with Islam in the oasis, including Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Tengrism, and ideas of tolerance.

Proje Numarası

2

Kaynakça

  • Abdirimov, Bekzod. (2021). Xorazmiylar izini izlab, Tashkent, Yoshlar mediya print.
  • Altman, Volter. (1947). “Ancient Khorezmian civilization in the light of the latest archeological discoveries”, Journal of the American Oriental society, vol. 67.
  • Aşirov, Tahir. (2005). Biruni'ye ve İbn Hazm'a Göre Hıristiyanlık, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi) Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
  • Baratov, R. Sergey & Sadullaev, P. Bahrom. (2012). “Arxeologicheskie issledovaniya poseleniya Xumbuztepa v 2011-2012 godax”, O‘zbekistonda arxeologik tadqiqotlar, vol. 9.
  • Bayhaqiy, Abul Fazl. (2020). Tarixi Bayhaqiy, Translate: Abdukarimov Lochin, Toshkent, Sharq.
  • Belyaeva, Sergey & Bubenko Ortyom. (2018). Oguzi na rubejax Yujnoy Rusi, Kiev.
  • Biruni, Abu Raykhan. (1968). Izbrannie proizvedeniya, I, Tashkent.
  • Demiroğlu, Haluk. (2017). “Hazar Kağanlığının Musevîliğe Geçişi”, Geçmişten Günümüze Türkistan Tarihinin Bilinmeyenleri, İstanbul, Ötüken.
  • Dresvyanskaya, Yevgeniya. (1966). “Xristianskiy nekropol drevnego Merva”. Materiali nauchnoy konferensii aspirantov TashGU, Tashkent.
  • Hamawi, Yaqut Abdullah. (1977). Mu'jam ul-Buldān, II, Dar al-Sadr, Beirut.
  • Ibn Fadl, Allah al-Umari. (2010). Masālik al-absār fī mamālik al-amṣār, III, Dar al-Kitab, Beirut.
  • Ishoqov, Mirsodiq. (2008). Hudud al-olam Movarounnahr tavsifi, O‘zbekiston, Tashkent.
  • İbn Fadlan, Ahmad. (1995). İbn Fadlan Seyahetnamesi, haz. Şeşen R., İstanbul, Bedir yayın evi.
  • İbn ul-Asir, Izzaddin. (1991). İslam tarihi, El-Kamil Fi‘t-Tarih. Terc. A. Ağırakça, VIII, İstanbul, Bahar yayınları.
  • Iz istorii drevnix kultov Sredney Azii. Xristianstvo, (1994). Tashkent.
  • Kamoliddin, Shamsiddin. (2021). Ibn Xaukal i yego trud (Mavara an-naxr). III., Saarbryuken, LAP.
  • Makdisi, Shamsaddin. (1991). Ahsan al-taqasim fi maʾrifat al-aqalim, Cairo, Dar al-savidi.
  • Mambetullaev, Mirzamurat. (1999) “Vizantiskiy indikatsiya iz Kuyukkala (Severniy Xorezm)”. Numizmatika Sentralnoy Aziya, IV, Tashkent.
  • Markov, K. Andrey. (1909), “O klad kuficheschix monet, naydennom v sel Kresheniy Baran, Spasskogo uezda Kazanskoy gubernii”, Zapiski numizmaticheskogo otdeleniya imperatorskogo otdeleniya russkiy arxeologicheskiy obshestva, Saint Petersburg, Imperatorskiy Akademiya nauk.
  • Masharipov, Y. Qudrat. (2016). Xorazmning o‘rta sharq va Yevropa davlatlari savdo markazlari bilan tarixiy aloqalari (X-XV asrlar), Urganch, UrDU noshirlik bo‘limi.
  • Materiali po istorii turkmen i Turkmenii, (1939). Moskva.
  • Orazşahedov, Anver. (2018). Tarıhda Gürgenç şehri (Kuruluşundan Hanlıklar dönemine kadar), (Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi), Necmettin Erbakan üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
  • Özaydın, Abdülkerim. (1997) Hârizm, DİA, XVI, Ankara.
  • Özbayraktar, Aykut. (2023) “Harezmşah Me’mûnun ilmi, edebi, entelektüel çevresi”, Journal of Islamic civilization studies, VIII, vol. 3 , p 398-425.
  • Özbayraktar, Aykut. (2021). Me’mûnîler devrinde Harezm, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
  • Pugachenkova, A. Galina. (1954). “Xaroba-Koshuk”. IAN TSSR, vol. 4, p. 82
  • Pugachenkova, A. Galina. (1958). Puti razvitiya arxitekturi Yujnogo Turkmenistana pori rabovladeniya i feodalizma, Moskva.
  • Rahimov, B. Shihnazar. (2023). Qadimgi Xorazm voxasi aholisining dafn marosimlari tartiblari va inshoatlari (IX-XIII asrlar arxeologik yodgorliklar misolida), Buxoro, Durdona.
  • Seleznev, Nikolai. (2011). “Melkiti v arabo-musulmanskom traditsionnom religiovedenii”. Точки/Puncta, vol.3, p. 37-38.
  • Tolstov, P. Sergey. (1946). “Novogodniy prazdnik “kalandas” u xorezmiyskix xristian XI veka”, Materiali i issledovaniya po etnografii i antropologii, №2. p. 90-115
  • Tolstov, P. Sergey (1948 b). Drevniy Xorezm. Moskva. MGU.
  • Tolstov, P. Sergey. (1948). Po sledam drevne xorezmiyskoy sivilizatsii, Moskva, Izdatelstvo Akademii nauk.
  • Vaynberg, I. Bella. (1977). Moneti drevnego Xorezma. Moskva.
  • Veselovskiy, Nikolay. (1877). Ocherk istoriko-geograficheskix svedeniy o Xivinskom xanstve. Saint Petersburg.
  • Xasanov, M. Mardon. (2024), “Xorazmda islomdan oldingi diniy qarashlar (xristianlik misolida)”, O‘tmishga nazar, №1.
  • Xoji Ismatulloh Abdulloh. (2005). Markaziy Osiyoda Islom madaniyati, Tashkent, Sharq.
  • Yagodin, Vadim & Xodjayov, K. Telman, (1970). Nekropol drevnego Mizdakxana, Tashkent.

Religion and religious communities in Khorezm in the 10th-11th centuries

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 24, 275 - 291, 30.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.59304/ijhe.1660384

Öz

Khorezm is a crucial region in the history of Central Asia, particularly during the early Middle Ages. The activities of the dynasties that ruled this area are significant for understanding the history of the entire East. During this period, the peoples of Central Asia, who were experiencing Islamization, developed a new culture influenced by the Turkic tribes from the north. This emerging culture later contributed to the development of the entire Middle East and the Turkic states. From the beginning of the 9th century, the Turkic Oghuz tribes located in northern Central Asia began to penetrate the southern regions of the Aral Sea and the Amu Darya delta for trade and sometimes military reasons. During this period, representatives of several religious views and groups, besides Islam, lived in the territory of the Afrighids and Mamunids states. This article analyzes the religious and spiritual image of the historical Khorezm region in the 10th-11th centuries, the attitude towards the various religions in this region, and their interaction based on sources. In particular, information is provided about the arrival of Islam in the Khorezm oasis, its spread in the 10th-11th centuries, and its impact on cultural life. In addition, the article provides information about the religions that coexist with Islam in the oasis, including Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Tengrism, and ideas of tolerance.

Etik Beyan

All scientific ethics were followed in writing the article and conducting the research, and references were provided to the sources and literature used.

Destekleyen Kurum

No

Proje Numarası

2

Teşekkür

Thank you for your attention

Kaynakça

  • Abdirimov, Bekzod. (2021). Xorazmiylar izini izlab, Tashkent, Yoshlar mediya print.
  • Altman, Volter. (1947). “Ancient Khorezmian civilization in the light of the latest archeological discoveries”, Journal of the American Oriental society, vol. 67.
  • Aşirov, Tahir. (2005). Biruni'ye ve İbn Hazm'a Göre Hıristiyanlık, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi) Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
  • Baratov, R. Sergey & Sadullaev, P. Bahrom. (2012). “Arxeologicheskie issledovaniya poseleniya Xumbuztepa v 2011-2012 godax”, O‘zbekistonda arxeologik tadqiqotlar, vol. 9.
  • Bayhaqiy, Abul Fazl. (2020). Tarixi Bayhaqiy, Translate: Abdukarimov Lochin, Toshkent, Sharq.
  • Belyaeva, Sergey & Bubenko Ortyom. (2018). Oguzi na rubejax Yujnoy Rusi, Kiev.
  • Biruni, Abu Raykhan. (1968). Izbrannie proizvedeniya, I, Tashkent.
  • Demiroğlu, Haluk. (2017). “Hazar Kağanlığının Musevîliğe Geçişi”, Geçmişten Günümüze Türkistan Tarihinin Bilinmeyenleri, İstanbul, Ötüken.
  • Dresvyanskaya, Yevgeniya. (1966). “Xristianskiy nekropol drevnego Merva”. Materiali nauchnoy konferensii aspirantov TashGU, Tashkent.
  • Hamawi, Yaqut Abdullah. (1977). Mu'jam ul-Buldān, II, Dar al-Sadr, Beirut.
  • Ibn Fadl, Allah al-Umari. (2010). Masālik al-absār fī mamālik al-amṣār, III, Dar al-Kitab, Beirut.
  • Ishoqov, Mirsodiq. (2008). Hudud al-olam Movarounnahr tavsifi, O‘zbekiston, Tashkent.
  • İbn Fadlan, Ahmad. (1995). İbn Fadlan Seyahetnamesi, haz. Şeşen R., İstanbul, Bedir yayın evi.
  • İbn ul-Asir, Izzaddin. (1991). İslam tarihi, El-Kamil Fi‘t-Tarih. Terc. A. Ağırakça, VIII, İstanbul, Bahar yayınları.
  • Iz istorii drevnix kultov Sredney Azii. Xristianstvo, (1994). Tashkent.
  • Kamoliddin, Shamsiddin. (2021). Ibn Xaukal i yego trud (Mavara an-naxr). III., Saarbryuken, LAP.
  • Makdisi, Shamsaddin. (1991). Ahsan al-taqasim fi maʾrifat al-aqalim, Cairo, Dar al-savidi.
  • Mambetullaev, Mirzamurat. (1999) “Vizantiskiy indikatsiya iz Kuyukkala (Severniy Xorezm)”. Numizmatika Sentralnoy Aziya, IV, Tashkent.
  • Markov, K. Andrey. (1909), “O klad kuficheschix monet, naydennom v sel Kresheniy Baran, Spasskogo uezda Kazanskoy gubernii”, Zapiski numizmaticheskogo otdeleniya imperatorskogo otdeleniya russkiy arxeologicheskiy obshestva, Saint Petersburg, Imperatorskiy Akademiya nauk.
  • Masharipov, Y. Qudrat. (2016). Xorazmning o‘rta sharq va Yevropa davlatlari savdo markazlari bilan tarixiy aloqalari (X-XV asrlar), Urganch, UrDU noshirlik bo‘limi.
  • Materiali po istorii turkmen i Turkmenii, (1939). Moskva.
  • Orazşahedov, Anver. (2018). Tarıhda Gürgenç şehri (Kuruluşundan Hanlıklar dönemine kadar), (Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi), Necmettin Erbakan üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
  • Özaydın, Abdülkerim. (1997) Hârizm, DİA, XVI, Ankara.
  • Özbayraktar, Aykut. (2023) “Harezmşah Me’mûnun ilmi, edebi, entelektüel çevresi”, Journal of Islamic civilization studies, VIII, vol. 3 , p 398-425.
  • Özbayraktar, Aykut. (2021). Me’mûnîler devrinde Harezm, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
  • Pugachenkova, A. Galina. (1954). “Xaroba-Koshuk”. IAN TSSR, vol. 4, p. 82
  • Pugachenkova, A. Galina. (1958). Puti razvitiya arxitekturi Yujnogo Turkmenistana pori rabovladeniya i feodalizma, Moskva.
  • Rahimov, B. Shihnazar. (2023). Qadimgi Xorazm voxasi aholisining dafn marosimlari tartiblari va inshoatlari (IX-XIII asrlar arxeologik yodgorliklar misolida), Buxoro, Durdona.
  • Seleznev, Nikolai. (2011). “Melkiti v arabo-musulmanskom traditsionnom religiovedenii”. Точки/Puncta, vol.3, p. 37-38.
  • Tolstov, P. Sergey. (1946). “Novogodniy prazdnik “kalandas” u xorezmiyskix xristian XI veka”, Materiali i issledovaniya po etnografii i antropologii, №2. p. 90-115
  • Tolstov, P. Sergey (1948 b). Drevniy Xorezm. Moskva. MGU.
  • Tolstov, P. Sergey. (1948). Po sledam drevne xorezmiyskoy sivilizatsii, Moskva, Izdatelstvo Akademii nauk.
  • Vaynberg, I. Bella. (1977). Moneti drevnego Xorezma. Moskva.
  • Veselovskiy, Nikolay. (1877). Ocherk istoriko-geograficheskix svedeniy o Xivinskom xanstve. Saint Petersburg.
  • Xasanov, M. Mardon. (2024), “Xorazmda islomdan oldingi diniy qarashlar (xristianlik misolida)”, O‘tmishga nazar, №1.
  • Xoji Ismatulloh Abdulloh. (2005). Markaziy Osiyoda Islom madaniyati, Tashkent, Sharq.
  • Yagodin, Vadim & Xodjayov, K. Telman, (1970). Nekropol drevnego Mizdakxana, Tashkent.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Türk İslam Edebiyatı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Shohruxmirzo Ismoilov 0000-0002-4061-8724

Proje Numarası 2
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

APA Ismoilov, S. (2025). Religion and religious communities in Khorezm in the 10th-11th centuries. Uluslararası Beşeri Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 11(24), 275-291. https://doi.org/10.59304/ijhe.1660384

Uluslararası Beşeri Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi 

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