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Açılı Derin Çekme Kalıplarında Dikdörtgen Şekilli Kapların Derin Çekilebilirliğinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2021, , 187 - 194, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1006144

Öz

Derin çekme, sac malzemelerin çekme kalıpları yardımıyla press kuvvetleri altında belirli derinlik ve şekillerde üç boyutlu kapların elde edilmesi işlemidir. Bu çalışmada, dikdörtgen geometriye sahip kapların açılı derin çekme kalıplarında deneysel olarak ve sonlu elemanlar metodu (SEM) ile sayısal olarak şekillendirilmesi araştırılmıştır. Bunun için kalıp boşluğu içine malzeme akışının kolaylaştırılması amacıyla matris/baskı plakası yüzeylerine α=0°, α=3°, α=6°, α=9°, α=12° ve α=15° açılar verilmiştir. Zımba ve kalıp köşe radyüsleri 8 mm sabit olarak alınmıştır. Deney malzemesi olarak 0,9 mm kalınlığında St37 çelik sac kullanılmıştır. Deneyler, 2500 N, 5000 N, 7500 N ve 10000 N baskı plakası kuvvetleri uygulanarak yapılmıştır. Açıların ve baskı plakası kuvvetinin limit çekme oranı, et kalınlığı ve kap hasarları üzerindeki etkileri deneysel ve sayısal olarak incelenmiş ve optimum zımba kuvveti belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar, ANSYS sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, farklı açılara sahip dikdörtgen geometriye sahip çekme kalıplarında kalıp/baskı plakası yüzey açılarının artmasının geleneksel kalıplara göre daha yüksek limit çekme oranı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Deneysel olarak elde edilen sonuçlar ile sayısal sonuçların yaklaşık değerler olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Medellín-Castillo HI, García-Zugasti PJ, de Lange DF, Colorado-Alonso FJ. (2013). Analysis of the allowable deep drawing height of rectangular steel parts, Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 66(1–4):371–380.
  • [2] Singh CP, Agnihotri G. (2015). Study of deep drawing process parameters: a review. Int J Sci Res Publ; 5(2):1–15.
  • [3] Aarón Rivas-Menchi A. (2015). Análisis del Efecto de Diversos Parámetros en el Desempeño del Proceso de Embutido de Formas Rectangulares. Master Thesis. México: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí.
  • [4] Tschaetsch H. (2006). Metal forming practice. New York: Springer;
  • [5] Daxin E, Takaji M, Li Z. (2008). Stress analysis of rectangular cup drawing. J Mater Process Technol, 205(1):469–476.
  • [6] Rivas-Menchi A, Medellín-Castillo HI, de Lange DF, García-Zugasti P, de J. (2014). Influence of geometrical parameters on the maximum deep drawing height of rectangular parts. ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, IMECE2014 November 14-20.
  • [7] García-Zugasti P, de J. (2005). Proceso de Embutido de Productos Rectangulares de Lámina (Estudio Teórico-Práctico). PhD Thesis. México: Universidad de Guanajuato.
  • [8] García C, Celentano D, Flores F, Ponthot JP, Oliva O. (2006). Numerical modelling and experimental validation of steel deep drawing processes: part II: applications. J Mater Process Technol, 172(3):461–471.
  • [9] Groover MP. (2007). Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: materials, processes and systems. New York: Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • [10] Choi TH, Huh H. (1999). Sheet metal forming analysis of planar anisotropic materials by a modified membrane finite element method with bending effect. J Mater Process Technol; 89:58–64.
  • [11] Thiruvarudchelvan S, Travis FW, Poh TK. (1999). On the deep drawing of cups with punch and blank-holding forces proportional to a hydraulic pressure. J Mater Process Technol; 92:375–380.
  • [12] Padmanabhana, R., Oliveira, M. C., Baptista, A. J., Alves, J. L., Menezes, L. F., (2009). Blank Design for Deep Drawn Parts Using Parametric NURBS Surfaces, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209, 2402–2411.
  • [13] Saxena, R. K. and Dixit, P. M., (2009). Finite element simulation of earing defect in deep drawing, Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2009) 45:219–233
  • [14] Yang, T. S., (2008). Finite Element Analysis of Square Cup Deep Drawing of Pure Titanium Metal Sheet at Elevated, Advanced Design and Manufacture to Gain a Competitive Edge, Springer – Verlag London Limited, 33–42.
  • [15] Demirci, H. I., Esner, C., Yasar, M., (2008). Effect of The Blank Holder Force on Drawing of Aluminum Alloy Square Cup: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 206, 152–160.
  • [16] Gavas, M. and Izciler, M., (2007). Effect of Blank Holder Gap on Deep Drawing of Square Cups, Materials and Design, vol. 28, 1641–1646.
  • [17] Gavas, M. and Izciler, M., (2006). Design and Application of Blank Holder System with Spiral Spring in Deep Drawing of Square Cups, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.171, 274–282.
  • [18] Menezes, L. F. and Teodosiu, C., (2000).Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of The Deep-Drawing Process Using Solid Finite Elements, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 97, 100–106.
  • [19] Marumo, Y., Saiki, H., Mori, T., (1999). Combined Effects of Strain Hardening Characteristics and Tool Geometry on The Deep-Drawability of Square Aluminum Cups, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 89–90, 30–36.
  • [20] Marumo, Y. and Saiki, H., (1998). Evaluation of The Forming Limit of Aluminum Square Cups, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 80–81, 427–432.

Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies

Yıl 2021, , 187 - 194, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1006144

Öz

Deep drawing is the process of obtaining three-dimensional containers of certain depths and shapes under pressing forces with the help of drawing molds of sheet materials. In this study, the numerical shaping of rectangular cups in angled deep drawing dies was investigated experimentally and by using the finite element method (FEM). For this purpose, die/blank holder surfaces have α=0°, α=3°, α=6°, α=9°, α=12° and α=15° angles in order to facilitate material flow into the die cavity. The punch and die corner radii are taken as 8 mm. St37 steel sheet with a thickness of 0,9 mm was used as the test material. The experiments were carried out by applying die/blank holder forces of 2500 N, 5000 N, 7500 N and 10000 N. The effects of angles and die/blank holder force on limit draw ratio, wall thickness and the damage of cups were investigated experimentally and numerically, and optimum punch force was determined. Obtained experimental results were compared with ANSYS results. As a result, it has been determined that the increase in die/blank holder surface angles in drawing dies with rectangular geometry with different angles provides a higher limit drawing rate than conventional dies. It has been seen that the experimental results and numerical results are approximate values.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Medellín-Castillo HI, García-Zugasti PJ, de Lange DF, Colorado-Alonso FJ. (2013). Analysis of the allowable deep drawing height of rectangular steel parts, Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 66(1–4):371–380.
  • [2] Singh CP, Agnihotri G. (2015). Study of deep drawing process parameters: a review. Int J Sci Res Publ; 5(2):1–15.
  • [3] Aarón Rivas-Menchi A. (2015). Análisis del Efecto de Diversos Parámetros en el Desempeño del Proceso de Embutido de Formas Rectangulares. Master Thesis. México: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí.
  • [4] Tschaetsch H. (2006). Metal forming practice. New York: Springer;
  • [5] Daxin E, Takaji M, Li Z. (2008). Stress analysis of rectangular cup drawing. J Mater Process Technol, 205(1):469–476.
  • [6] Rivas-Menchi A, Medellín-Castillo HI, de Lange DF, García-Zugasti P, de J. (2014). Influence of geometrical parameters on the maximum deep drawing height of rectangular parts. ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, IMECE2014 November 14-20.
  • [7] García-Zugasti P, de J. (2005). Proceso de Embutido de Productos Rectangulares de Lámina (Estudio Teórico-Práctico). PhD Thesis. México: Universidad de Guanajuato.
  • [8] García C, Celentano D, Flores F, Ponthot JP, Oliva O. (2006). Numerical modelling and experimental validation of steel deep drawing processes: part II: applications. J Mater Process Technol, 172(3):461–471.
  • [9] Groover MP. (2007). Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: materials, processes and systems. New York: Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • [10] Choi TH, Huh H. (1999). Sheet metal forming analysis of planar anisotropic materials by a modified membrane finite element method with bending effect. J Mater Process Technol; 89:58–64.
  • [11] Thiruvarudchelvan S, Travis FW, Poh TK. (1999). On the deep drawing of cups with punch and blank-holding forces proportional to a hydraulic pressure. J Mater Process Technol; 92:375–380.
  • [12] Padmanabhana, R., Oliveira, M. C., Baptista, A. J., Alves, J. L., Menezes, L. F., (2009). Blank Design for Deep Drawn Parts Using Parametric NURBS Surfaces, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209, 2402–2411.
  • [13] Saxena, R. K. and Dixit, P. M., (2009). Finite element simulation of earing defect in deep drawing, Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2009) 45:219–233
  • [14] Yang, T. S., (2008). Finite Element Analysis of Square Cup Deep Drawing of Pure Titanium Metal Sheet at Elevated, Advanced Design and Manufacture to Gain a Competitive Edge, Springer – Verlag London Limited, 33–42.
  • [15] Demirci, H. I., Esner, C., Yasar, M., (2008). Effect of The Blank Holder Force on Drawing of Aluminum Alloy Square Cup: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 206, 152–160.
  • [16] Gavas, M. and Izciler, M., (2007). Effect of Blank Holder Gap on Deep Drawing of Square Cups, Materials and Design, vol. 28, 1641–1646.
  • [17] Gavas, M. and Izciler, M., (2006). Design and Application of Blank Holder System with Spiral Spring in Deep Drawing of Square Cups, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.171, 274–282.
  • [18] Menezes, L. F. and Teodosiu, C., (2000).Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of The Deep-Drawing Process Using Solid Finite Elements, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 97, 100–106.
  • [19] Marumo, Y., Saiki, H., Mori, T., (1999). Combined Effects of Strain Hardening Characteristics and Tool Geometry on The Deep-Drawability of Square Aluminum Cups, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 89–90, 30–36.
  • [20] Marumo, Y. and Saiki, H., (1998). Evaluation of The Forming Limit of Aluminum Square Cups, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 80–81, 427–432.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cebeli Ozek 0000-0001-7603-415X

Hayrettin Akkelek Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6811-5993

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Ozek, C., & Akkelek, H. (2021). Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, 5(2), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1006144
AMA Ozek C, Akkelek H. Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies. ijiea, IJIEA. Aralık 2021;5(2):187-194. doi:10.46460/ijiea.1006144
Chicago Ozek, Cebeli, ve Hayrettin Akkelek. “Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 5, sy. 2 (Aralık 2021): 187-94. https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1006144.
EndNote Ozek C, Akkelek H (01 Aralık 2021) Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 5 2 187–194.
IEEE C. Ozek ve H. Akkelek, “Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies”, ijiea, IJIEA, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 187–194, 2021, doi: 10.46460/ijiea.1006144.
ISNAD Ozek, Cebeli - Akkelek, Hayrettin. “Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 5/2 (Aralık 2021), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1006144.
JAMA Ozek C, Akkelek H. Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies. ijiea, IJIEA. 2021;5:187–194.
MLA Ozek, Cebeli ve Hayrettin Akkelek. “Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, c. 5, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 187-94, doi:10.46460/ijiea.1006144.
Vancouver Ozek C, Akkelek H. Investigation of Deep Drawability of Rectangular Shaped Cups in Deep Drawing Dies. ijiea, IJIEA. 2021;5(2):187-94.