Spread Embedding of Fragile Copyright Information to Protect Audio Signal
Öz
Nowadays, millions of gigabytes of new data are generated every second and a large part of it is multimedia data. The security of this large amount of data is an important problem as well as its transmission and storage. Data without proven authenticity should not be distributed or used without permission. Audio data, unlike other types of multimedia, is quite weak in terms of copyright protection. Industrial practices generally prioritize the quality of audio data over the security of copyright data, contrary to academic recommendations. In this study, a spread hash-supported copyright embedding algorithm is proposed to ensure the copyright protection of audio data. The proposed algorithm is tested on a total of 92.017 seconds of dataset consisting of 516 music files and the results are presented. The algorithm successfully performs copyright verification of any 2-millisecond fragment of the audio in any clipping attack. Despite the changes made to the entire audio data, a 6% Bit Error Rate and 0.9999 Normalized Correlation values are obtained. According to international standards for perceptual evaluation of audio quality, a score of ~-1.7 is obtained in the objective evaluation. All performance evaluations are presented with tables and graphs, and comparisons are made with similar models in the literature. This study is one of the first to use a spread-hashing technique for audio copyright protection and has shown high performance, especially against clipping attacks.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Copyright protection, cyber security, data security, hash function
Kaynakça
- Duarte, F. (2024). Amount of data created Daily. Retrieved September 07, 2024 from https://explodingtopics.com/ blog/data-generated-per-day
- Naqash, K. I., Malik, S. A., & Parah, S. A. (2024). Robust audio watermarking based on iterative filtering. Circuits Syst Signal Process, (43), 348–367.
- Salah, E., Amine, K., Redouane, K., & Fares, K. (2021). A fourier transform based audio watermarking algorithm. Appl. Acoust, (172).
- Kwon, O. J., Choi, S., & Lee, B. (2018). A watermark-based scheme for authenticating JPEG image integrity. IEEE Access, (6), 46194–46205.
- Yalman, Y., & Ertürk, İ. (2009). Gerçek zamanlı video kayıtlarına veri gizleme uygulaması. XI. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı Bildirileri/Harran University, Şanlıurfa, (pp. 545-552).
- Macit, H. B. (2019). Mobil cihaz görüntüleri için entropi tabanlı kırılgan damgalama metodu geliştirilmesi (Publication No. 566003) [Doctoral dissertation, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta].
- Arnold, M., Schmucker, M., & Wolthusen, S. D. (2003). Techniques and applications of digital watermarking and content protection. Artech House. London.
- Arseven, M. (2019). Turkey provides access to copyright database. MA Gazette Edition, (78).
- Al-Haj, A. (2014). An imperceptible and robust audio watermarking algorithm. J Audio Speech Music Proc., (37).
- Wu, C. P., Su, P. C., & Kuo, C.-C. J. (2000). Robust and efficient digital audio watermarking using audio content analysis. Proceedings of SPIE 12th International Symposium Electronic Imaging, San Jose, CA, (pp. 382-392).