OUTPUT POWER ESTIMATION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL BY EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 37 - 42, 29.06.2024

Serhat Toprak , Resul Çöteli , Mehmet Ustundag , Hikmet Esen

https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1421890

Öz

In this study, the output power of a photovoltaic (PV) panel under different operating conditions was estimated with the help of an extreme learning algorithm (ELM). For this purpose, a PV panel with a power of 180W was installed, and the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, panel temperature, and solar radiation of this panel were measured and recorded at regular intervals. A total of 75 measurement data were obtained. The maximum power of the panel was calculated using the open circuit voltage and short circuit current information. While panel temperature and solar radiation were given as inputs to the regression model of the PV panel based on ELM, the output of the regression model was taken as the maximum power of the PV panel. To improve the prediction accuracy of ELM, the number of input neurons of ELM and the type of activation function used in the hidden layer were determined by trial and error method. The generated PV data set is separated into training and testing sets. The performance of the method was examined with the 5-fold cross-validation method. For this purpose, the dataset was divided into 5 equal parts. One of these parts was used for testing the ELM and the remaining four sets were used for training the ELM, and this was done by changing the test set each time. Thus, the network was trained and tested 5 times with different sets, and the test result of the network was obtained by averaging the sum of the performances of all test functions. Regression results obtained from ELM are given for different numbers of hidden layer neurons and different types of activation functions in the hidden layer. The best prediction result of ELM was obtained for the case where the hidden layer activation function was tangent sigmoid and the number of hidden layer neurons was 20. The R-values were found to be 1 when the number of hidden layer neurons was 20 and tangent and radial basis activation functions were used. From the results obtained, it has been seen that ELM predicts the output power of the PV panel with very high accuracy. It is concluded that ELM is a useful tool for estimating the PV panel output power.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Extreme learning algorithm, regression, PV panel

ÇIKIŞ GÜCÜ UÇ ÖĞRENME ALGORİTMASI İLE BIR FOTOVOLTAİK PANELİN ÇIKIŞ GÜCÜ TAHMİNİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, farklı çalışma şartları altında bir PV panelin çıkış gücü uç öğrenme algoritması (UÖA) yardımı ile tahmin edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, 180 W gücünde bir PV panel kurulmuş, bu panelin açık devre gerilimi, kısa devre akımı, panel sıcaklığı ve güneş ışınımı belirli aralıklarla ölçülerek kaydedilmiştir. Toplam 75 adet ölçüm verisi elde edilmiştir. Açık devre gerilimi ve kısa devre akımı bilgileri kullanılarak panelin maksimum gücü hesaplanmıştır. UÖA kullanılarak oluşturulan PV panelin regresyon modeline giriş olarak panel sıcaklığı ve güneş ışınımı verilirken, regresyon modelinin çıkışı PV panelin maksimum gücü olarak alınmıştır. ÜOA’nın tahmin doğruluğunu iyileştirmek için UÖA’nın giriş nöron sayısı ve ara katmanda kullanılan aktivasyon fonksiyonu tipi deneme yanılma yöntemi belirlenmiştir. Oluşturulan veri kümesi eğitim ve test kümesi olarak ayrılmıştır. Yöntemin başarımı 5-katlamalı çapraz doğrulama yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, veri kümesi 5 eşit parçaya bölünmüştür. Bu parçalardan biri test için ayrılıp geri kalan dördü ağın eğitim için kullanılmış ve bu işlem her defasında test kümesi değiştirilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece 5 defa ağ farklı kümelerle eğitilip test edilmiş ve ağın test sonucu bütün test fonksiyonlarının performanslarının toplamının ortalaması alınarak elde edilmiştir. UÖA’dan elde edilen regresyon sonuçları farklı ara katman nöron sayısı ve farklı tip aktivasyon fonksiyonları için verilmiştir. ÜOA’nın en iyi tahmin sonucu ara katman aktivasyon fonksiyonu tipinin tanjant sigmoid ve ara katman nöron sayısının 20 olduğu durum için elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan UÖA’nın PV panelin çıkış gücünü çok yüksek doğrulukta tahmin ettiği görülmüş ve UÖA’nın PV panellerin çıkış gücünün tahmininde etkin bir araç olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uç öğrenme algoritması, regresyon, PV Panel

Kaynakça

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