SOCIETY MUSEUMS AND POLICIES TOWARDS INCREASING VISITOR DIVERSITY: THE CASE OF THE MUSEUM OF EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN CIVILIZATIONS (MUCEM)

Öz

Following the 1980s, there has been a crisis in the ethnography museums in Europe, which were established during the colonial period to exhibit non-Western cultures. In the context of France, this crisis led to the transformation of several ethnography museums into society museums (musée de société). The Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilizations (Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée, MuCEM) that opened in Marseille in 2013 is also part of this trend. This article aims to examine the policies of MuCEM to increase its visitor diversity in the context of its renewed participatory and inclusive museum approach as a society museum. Drawing on indepth interviews with the museum personnel, participatory observation in museum settings and analysis of visitor books, this study will focus particularly on the strategies and programs developed to communicate with those who do not visit MuCEM because they perceive the museum as an institution of “high culture.” With the new museum movement that gained momentum after the 1980s, many museums have adopted visitor-oriented approaches and begun to produce policies to reach different segments of society in terms of socio-economic status, cultural background, age, and educational status. As the MuCEM example demonstrates, in the context of society museums, which have emerged as an aspect of this new museum movement and thus prioritize cultural dialogue and collaboration among different segments of society, ensuring visitor diversity becomes a fundamental institutional policy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Society museum
• Inclusive museum
• Visitor-oriented approaches
• MuCEM

TOPLUM MÜZELERİ VE ZİYARETÇİ ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİ ARTTIRMAYA YÖNELİK POLİTİKALAR: MARSİLYA AVRUPA VE AKDENİZ MEDENİYETLERİ MÜZESİ (MUCEM) ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Kolonyal dönemde Batı-dışı kültürleri sergilemek amacıyla kurulan Avrupa’daki etnografya müzelerinde 1980’lerden sonra baş gösteren kimlik krizi, Fransa’daki birçok etnografya müzesinin toplum müzesi olarak yeniden işlevlendirilmesine neden olmuştur. 2013 yılında Marsilya’da açılan Avrupa ve Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Müzesi (Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée, MuCEM) de bu trendin parçasıdır. Bu makale, “toplum müzesi” (musée de société) olarak katılımcı ve kapsayıcı bir müzecilik anlayışıyla yenilenen MuCEM’in ziyaretçi çeşitliliğini arttırmaya yönelik politikalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Müze çalışanlarıyla derinlemesine mülakatlar, müze ortamlarında katılımcı gözlem ve ziyaretçi defterlerinin analizine dayanan bu çalışma, özellikle müzeyi bir “yüksek kültür” kurumu olarak algıladığından dolayı MuCEM’i ziyaret etmeyen kesimlerle diyalog kurmak için geliştirilen stratejilere ve programlara odaklanacaktır. 1980’lerden sonra ivme kazanan yeni müzecilik hareketi ile birçok müze ziyaretçi odaklı anlayışlar benimsemiş ve sosyo-ekonomik durum, kültürel geçmiş, yaş ve eğitim durumu açısından çeşitli kitlelere ulaşabilmek için politikalar üretmeye başlamıştır. MuCEM örneğinin gösterdiği gibi, bu yeni müze hareketinin uzantısı olarak ortaya çıkan ve dolayısıyla toplumun farklı kesimleri arasında kültürel diyalog ve etkileşime öncelik veren toplum müzeleri bağlamında ziyaretçi çeşitliliğini sağlamak temel bir kurumsal politika haline gelmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toplum müzesi
• Kapsayıcı müze
• Ziyaretçi odaklı yaklaşımlar
• MuCEM

Kaynakça

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