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SOCIETY MUSEUMS AND POLICIES TOWARDS INCREASING VISITOR DIVERSITY: THE CASE OF THE MUSEUM OF EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN CIVILIZATIONS (MUCEM)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 1 - 15, 31.07.2019

Öz

Following the 1980s, there has been a crisis in the ethnography museums in Europe, which were
established during the colonial period to exhibit non-Western cultures. In the context of France, this
crisis led to the transformation of several ethnography museums into society museums (musée de
société). The Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilizations (Musée des Civilisations de
l’Europe et de la Méditerranée, MuCEM) that opened in Marseille in 2013 is also part of this trend.
This article aims to examine the policies of MuCEM to increase its visitor diversity in the context
of its renewed participatory and inclusive museum approach as a society museum. Drawing on indepth
interviews with the museum personnel, participatory observation in museum settings and
analysis of visitor books, this study will focus particularly on the strategies and programs developed
to communicate with those who do not visit MuCEM because they perceive the museum as an
institution of “high culture.” With the new museum movement that gained momentum after the
1980s, many museums have adopted visitor-oriented approaches and begun to produce policies to
reach different segments of society in terms of socio-economic status, cultural background, age, and
educational status. As the MuCEM example demonstrates, in the context of society museums, which
have emerged as an aspect of this new museum movement and thus prioritize cultural dialogue and
collaboration among different segments of society, ensuring visitor diversity becomes a fundamental
institutional policy.

Kaynakça

  • Bernier, H. ve Viau-Courville, M. (2016). Curating Action: Rethinking Ethnographic Collections and the Role/Place of Performing Arts in the Museum. Museum and Society. 14 (2). 237-252.
  • Bonnefoy F. (2013). MuCEM: Spirit of Place, Marseille: Scala, MuCEM.
  • Boursiquot, F. (2014). Ethnographic Museums: From Colonial Exposition to Intercultural Dialogue. I. Chambers, A. De Angelis, C. Ianniciello, M. Orabona ve M. Quadraro (Ed.), The Postcolonial Museum: The Arts of Memory and the Pressures of History (63-74). London: Routledge.
  • Chevallier, D. (2014). From the MNATP to the MuCEM: From a Museum of Rural France to a ‘Citizen Museum’ of Mediterranean Societies. F. Lanz ve E. Montanari (Ed.), Advancing Museum Practices (100-105). Turin: Umberto Allemandi § C.
  • Deloche, B. (2010) Mythologie du musee. Paris: Le Cavalier Bleu.
  • Drouguet, N. (2015). Le Musée de Société : De l’exposition de folklore aux enjeux contemporains. Paris: Armand Colin.
  • Isnart, C. (2012). The invention of heritage in the Mediterranean. Images and uses of cultural heritage in the Mediterranean. Mediterranean Memories,1-9. 01 Kasım 2018. http://www.medmem.eu/ en/folder/30/the-invention-heritage-the-mediterranean
  • Lasnier, J. (2013). A Mediterranean Dream. Connaissance des Arts, Special Issue: Marseille and the MuCEM, 38-48.
  • Lebovics, H. (2014). The future of the nation foretold in its museums. French Cultural Studies. 25 (3/4). 290-298.
  • Mazé, C. (2013). Du MNATP au(x) MuCEM: Les vicissitudes du muse français d’ethnologie nationale. C. Mazé, F. Poulard ve C. Ventura (Ed.), Les musées d’ethnologie: culture, politique et changement institutionnel. (177-204). Paris: Éditions du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques.
  • Mazé, C., Poulard, F. ve Ventura, C. (2015). Dismantling Reorganization, and Creation, TheIntroduction to Ethnology Museums: Culture, Politics, and Institutional Change. Museum Anthropology Review. 9 (1-2). 34-57.
  • Moore, R. (2013). Museum of the Civilisations of Europe and the Mediterranean (MuCEM) – review. The Guardian. 30 Ekim 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/jun/09/ museum-civilisations-europe-mediterranean-mucem-review
  • Morel, G. (2013). Popular Arts. Connaissance des Arts, Special Issue: Marseille and the MuCEM, 48-65.
  • MuCEM. (2018a). The Friends of the MuCEM. 2 Kasım 2018. https://www.amisdumucem.org/ present-en.php
  • MuCEM. (2018b) Where do the MuCEM’s Collections come from? 3 Kasım 2018. http://www. mucem.org/en/where-do-mucems-collections-come
  • MuCEM. (2018c). Qu’est-ce qu’un musée de société ? 2 Kasım 2018. http://www.mucem.org/ questions-answers/quest-ce-quun-musee-de-societe
  • Musées Méditerranée. 2018. MuCEM- Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée. 30 Ekim 2018. http://www.musees-mediterranee.org/portail/musee_ fiche.php?num_musee= 245&menu= 1&langue =1
  • Parent, A. (2016). Le Nouveau Musée de l’Homme. La Lettre de l’OCIM, 163. 5-14.
  • Schiele, B. (2011). Society Museums and Their Identities in the Era of Globalization. G. Alcalde, J. Boya, X. Roigé (Ed.), Museums of Today: the New Museums of Society (3-19) Barcelona: ICRPC.
  • Shatanawi, M. (2009). Contemporary Art in Ethnographic Museums. H. Belting ve A. Buddensieg (Ed.) The Global Art World: Audiences, Markets, Museums (368-385). Ostfildern: Hahje Cantzs.
  • Schlanger, N. (2018). Retour aux affaires : histoire et évolution au nouveau musée de l’Homme. Ethnologie Française, 4. 743-750.
  • Schoubert, R. (2015) MuCEM in Marseille: a Model in Public Development? 2015, 25.05. 30 Ekim 2018. https://culture-communication.fr/en/mucem-in-marseille-a-model-in-publicdevelopment/

TOPLUM MÜZELERİ VE ZİYARETÇİ ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİ ARTTIRMAYA YÖNELİK POLİTİKALAR: MARSİLYA AVRUPA VE AKDENİZ MEDENİYETLERİ MÜZESİ (MUCEM) ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 1 - 15, 31.07.2019

Öz

Kolonyal dönemde Batı-dışı kültürleri sergilemek amacıyla kurulan Avrupa’daki etnografya
müzelerinde 1980’lerden sonra baş gösteren kimlik krizi, Fransa’daki birçok etnografya müzesinin
toplum müzesi olarak yeniden işlevlendirilmesine neden olmuştur. 2013 yılında Marsilya’da açılan
Avrupa ve Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Müzesi (Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée,
MuCEM) de bu trendin parçasıdır. Bu makale, “toplum müzesi” (musée de société) olarak katılımcı
ve kapsayıcı bir müzecilik anlayışıyla yenilenen MuCEM’in ziyaretçi çeşitliliğini arttırmaya yönelik
politikalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Müze çalışanlarıyla derinlemesine mülakatlar, müze
ortamlarında katılımcı gözlem ve ziyaretçi defterlerinin analizine dayanan bu çalışma, özellikle
müzeyi bir “yüksek kültür” kurumu olarak algıladığından dolayı MuCEM’i ziyaret etmeyen
kesimlerle diyalog kurmak için geliştirilen stratejilere ve programlara odaklanacaktır. 1980’lerden
sonra ivme kazanan yeni müzecilik hareketi ile birçok müze ziyaretçi odaklı anlayışlar benimsemiş
ve sosyo-ekonomik durum, kültürel geçmiş, yaş ve eğitim durumu açısından çeşitli kitlelere
ulaşabilmek için politikalar üretmeye başlamıştır. MuCEM örneğinin gösterdiği gibi, bu yeni müze
hareketinin uzantısı olarak ortaya çıkan ve dolayısıyla toplumun farklı kesimleri arasında kültürel
diyalog ve etkileşime öncelik veren toplum müzeleri bağlamında ziyaretçi çeşitliliğini sağlamak
temel bir kurumsal politika haline gelmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Bernier, H. ve Viau-Courville, M. (2016). Curating Action: Rethinking Ethnographic Collections and the Role/Place of Performing Arts in the Museum. Museum and Society. 14 (2). 237-252.
  • Bonnefoy F. (2013). MuCEM: Spirit of Place, Marseille: Scala, MuCEM.
  • Boursiquot, F. (2014). Ethnographic Museums: From Colonial Exposition to Intercultural Dialogue. I. Chambers, A. De Angelis, C. Ianniciello, M. Orabona ve M. Quadraro (Ed.), The Postcolonial Museum: The Arts of Memory and the Pressures of History (63-74). London: Routledge.
  • Chevallier, D. (2014). From the MNATP to the MuCEM: From a Museum of Rural France to a ‘Citizen Museum’ of Mediterranean Societies. F. Lanz ve E. Montanari (Ed.), Advancing Museum Practices (100-105). Turin: Umberto Allemandi § C.
  • Deloche, B. (2010) Mythologie du musee. Paris: Le Cavalier Bleu.
  • Drouguet, N. (2015). Le Musée de Société : De l’exposition de folklore aux enjeux contemporains. Paris: Armand Colin.
  • Isnart, C. (2012). The invention of heritage in the Mediterranean. Images and uses of cultural heritage in the Mediterranean. Mediterranean Memories,1-9. 01 Kasım 2018. http://www.medmem.eu/ en/folder/30/the-invention-heritage-the-mediterranean
  • Lasnier, J. (2013). A Mediterranean Dream. Connaissance des Arts, Special Issue: Marseille and the MuCEM, 38-48.
  • Lebovics, H. (2014). The future of the nation foretold in its museums. French Cultural Studies. 25 (3/4). 290-298.
  • Mazé, C. (2013). Du MNATP au(x) MuCEM: Les vicissitudes du muse français d’ethnologie nationale. C. Mazé, F. Poulard ve C. Ventura (Ed.), Les musées d’ethnologie: culture, politique et changement institutionnel. (177-204). Paris: Éditions du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques.
  • Mazé, C., Poulard, F. ve Ventura, C. (2015). Dismantling Reorganization, and Creation, TheIntroduction to Ethnology Museums: Culture, Politics, and Institutional Change. Museum Anthropology Review. 9 (1-2). 34-57.
  • Moore, R. (2013). Museum of the Civilisations of Europe and the Mediterranean (MuCEM) – review. The Guardian. 30 Ekim 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/jun/09/ museum-civilisations-europe-mediterranean-mucem-review
  • Morel, G. (2013). Popular Arts. Connaissance des Arts, Special Issue: Marseille and the MuCEM, 48-65.
  • MuCEM. (2018a). The Friends of the MuCEM. 2 Kasım 2018. https://www.amisdumucem.org/ present-en.php
  • MuCEM. (2018b) Where do the MuCEM’s Collections come from? 3 Kasım 2018. http://www. mucem.org/en/where-do-mucems-collections-come
  • MuCEM. (2018c). Qu’est-ce qu’un musée de société ? 2 Kasım 2018. http://www.mucem.org/ questions-answers/quest-ce-quun-musee-de-societe
  • Musées Méditerranée. 2018. MuCEM- Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée. 30 Ekim 2018. http://www.musees-mediterranee.org/portail/musee_ fiche.php?num_musee= 245&menu= 1&langue =1
  • Parent, A. (2016). Le Nouveau Musée de l’Homme. La Lettre de l’OCIM, 163. 5-14.
  • Schiele, B. (2011). Society Museums and Their Identities in the Era of Globalization. G. Alcalde, J. Boya, X. Roigé (Ed.), Museums of Today: the New Museums of Society (3-19) Barcelona: ICRPC.
  • Shatanawi, M. (2009). Contemporary Art in Ethnographic Museums. H. Belting ve A. Buddensieg (Ed.) The Global Art World: Audiences, Markets, Museums (368-385). Ostfildern: Hahje Cantzs.
  • Schlanger, N. (2018). Retour aux affaires : histoire et évolution au nouveau musée de l’Homme. Ethnologie Française, 4. 743-750.
  • Schoubert, R. (2015) MuCEM in Marseille: a Model in Public Development? 2015, 25.05. 30 Ekim 2018. https://culture-communication.fr/en/mucem-in-marseille-a-model-in-publicdevelopment/
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Bahar Aykan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7

Kaynak Göster

APA Aykan, B. (2019). TOPLUM MÜZELERİ VE ZİYARETÇİ ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİ ARTTIRMAYA YÖNELİK POLİTİKALAR: MARSİLYA AVRUPA VE AKDENİZ MEDENİYETLERİ MÜZESİ (MUCEM) ÖRNEĞİ. Uluslararası Disiplinlerarası Ve Kültürlerarası Sanat, 4(7), 1-15.